Applied Strength of Materials

Preface 1 Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials The Big Picture 1-1 Objective of This Book - To Ensure Safety 1-2 Objectives of This Chapter 1-3 Problem-solving Procedure 1-4 Basic Unit Systems 1-5 Relationship Among Mass, Force, and Weight 1-6 The Concept of Stress 1-7 Direct Normal Stress 1-8 Stress Elements for Direct Normal Stresses 1-9 The Concept of Strain 1-10 Direct Shear Stress 1-11 Stress Element for Shear Stresses 1-12 Preferred Sizes and Standard Shapes 1-13 Experimental and Computational Stress 2 Design Properties of Materials The Big Picture 2-1 Objectives of This Chapter 2-2 Design Properties of Materials 2-3 Steel 2-4 Cast Iron 2-5 Aluminum 2-6 Copper, Brass, and Bronze 2-7 Zinc, Magnesium, Titanium, and Nickel-Based Alloys 2-8 Nonmetals in Engineering Design 2-9 Wood 2-10 Concrete 2-11 Plastics 2-12 Composites 2-13 Materials Selection 3 Direct Stress, Deformation, and Design The Big Picture and Activity 3-1 Objectives of this Chapter 3-2 Design of Members under Direct Tension or Compression 3-3 Design Normal Stresses 3-4 Design Factor 3-5 Design Approaches and Guidelines for Design Factors 3-6 Methods of Computing Design Stress 3-7 Elastic Deformation in Tension and Compression Members 3-8 Deformation Due to Temperature Changes 3-9 Thermal Stress 3-10 Members Made of More Than One Material 3-11 Stress Concentration Factors for Direct Axial Stresses 3-12 Bearing Stress 3-13 Design Bearing Stress 3-14 Design Shear Stress 4 Torsional Shear Stress and Torsional Deformation The Big Picture 4-1 Objectives of This Chapter 4-2 Torque, Power, and Rotational Speed 4-3 Torsional Shear Stress in Members with Circular Cross Sections 4-4 Development of the Torsional Shear Stress Formula 4-5 Polar Moment of Inertia for Solid Circular Bars 4-6 Torsional Shear Stress and Polar Moment of Inertia for Hollow Circular Bars 4-7 Design of Circular Members under Torsion 4-8 Comparison of Solid and Hollow Circular Members 4-9 Stress Concentrations in Torsionally Loaded Members 4-10 Twisting - Elastic Torsional Deformation 4-11 Torsion in Noncircular Sections 5 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments in Beams The Big Picture 5-1 Objectives of this Chapter 5-2 Beam Loading, Supports, and Types of Beams 5-3 Reactions at Supports 5-4 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Concentrated Loads 5-5 Guidelines for Drawing Beam Diagrams for Concentrated Loads 5-6 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Distributed Loads 5-7 General Shapes Found in Bending Moment Diagrams 5-8 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Cantilever Beams 5-9 Beams with Linearly Varying Distributed Loads 5-10 Free-Body Diagrams of Parts of Structures 5-11 Mathematical Analysis of Beam Diagrams 5-12 Continuous Beams - Theorem of Three Moments 6 Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Areas The Big Picture 6-1 Objectives of This Chapter 6-2 The Concept of Centroid - Simple Shapes 6-3 Centroid of Complex Shapes 6-4 The Concept of Moment of Inertia 6-5 Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes Whose Parts have the Same Centroidal Axis 6-6 Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes - General Case - Use of the Parallel Axis Theorem 6-7 Mathematical Definition of Moment of Inertia 6-8 Composite Sections Made from Commercially Available Shapes 6-9 Moment of Inertia for Shapes with all Rectangular Parts 6-10 Radius of Gyration 6-11 Section Modulus 7 Stress Due to Bending The Big Picture 7-1 Objectives of This Chapter 7-2 The Flexure Formula 7-3 Conditions on the Use of the Flexure Formula 7-4 Stress Distribution on a Cross Section of a Beam 7-5 Derivation of the Flexure Formula 7-6 Applications - Beam Analysis 7-7 Applications - Beam Design and Design Stresses 7-8 Section Modulus and Design Procedures 7-9 Stress Concentrations 7-10 Flexural Center or Shear Center 7-11 Preferred Shapes for Beam Cross Sections 7-12 Design of Beams to be Made from Composite Materials 8 Shearing Stresses in Beams The Big Picture 8-1 Objectives of this Chapter 8-2 Importance of Shearing Stresses in Beams 8-3 The General Shear Formula 8-4 Distribution of Shearing Stress in Beams 8-5 Development of the General Shear Formula 8-6 Special Shear Formulas 8-7 Design for Shear 8-8 Shear Flow 9 Deflection of Beams The Big Picture 9-1 Objectives of this Chapter 9-2 The Need for Considering Beam Deflections 9-3 General Principles and Definitions of Terms 9-4 Beam Deflections Using the Formula Method 9-5 Comparison of the Manner of Support for Beams 9-6 Superposition Using Deflection Formulas 9-7 Successive Integration Method 9-8 Moment-Area Method 10 Combined Stresses The Big Picture 10-1 Objectives of this Chapter 10-2 The Stress Element 10-3 Stress Distribution Created by Basic Stresses 10-4 Creating the Initial Stress Element 10-5 Combined Normal Stresses 10-6 Combined Normal and Shear Stresses 10-7 Equations for Stresses in Any Direction 10-8 Maximum Stresses 10-9 Mohr's Circle for Stress 10-10 Stress Condition on Selected Planes 10-11 Special Case in which Both Principal Stresses have the Same Sign 10-12 Use of Strain-Gage Rosettes to Determine Principal Stresses 11 Columns The Big Picture 11-1 Objectives of this Chapter 11-2 Slenderness Ratio 11-3 Transition Slenderness Ratio 11-4 The Euler Formula for Long Columns 11-5 The J. B. Johnson Formula for Short Columns 11-6 Summary - Buckling Formulas 11-7 Design Factors and Allowable Load 11-8 Summary - Method of Analyzing Columns 11-9 Column Analysis Spreadsheet 11-10 Efficient Shapes for Columns 11-11 Specifications of the AISC 11-12 Specifications of the Aluminum Association 11-13 Non-Centrally Loaded Columns 12 Pressure Vessels The Big Picture 12-1 Objectives of this Chapter 12-2 Distinction Between Thin-Walled and Thick-Walled Pressure Vessels 12-3 Thin-Walled Spheres 12-4 Thin-Walled Cylinders 12-5 Thick-Walled Cylinders and Spheres 12-6 Analysis and Design Procedures for Pressure Vessels 12-7 Spreadsheet Aid for Analyzing Thick-Walled Spheres and Cylinders 12-8 Shearing Stress in Cylinders and Spheres 12-9 Other Design Considerations for Pressure Vessels 12-10 Composite Pressure Vessels 13 Connections The Big Picture 13-1 Objectives of this Chapter 13-2 Modes of Failure 13-3 Riveted Connections 13-4 Bolted Connections 13-5 Allowable Stresses for Riveted and Bolted Connections 13-6 Example Problems - Riveted and Bolted Joints 13-7 Eccentrically Loaded Riveted and Bolted Joints 13-8 Welded Joints with Concentric Loads Appendix Answers to Selected Problems Index