Better protection from blasts without sacrificing situational awareness

Abstract A large number of soldiers returning from war report hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Many deployed soldiers decline to wear their hearing protection devices (HPDs) because they feel that earplugs interfere with their ability to detect and localize the enemy and their friends. The detection problem is easily handled in electronic devices with low-noise microphones. The localization problem is not as easy. In this paper, the factors that reduce situational awareness – hearing loss and restricted bandwidth in HPD devices – are discussed in light of available data, followed by a review of the cues to localization. Two electronic blast plug earplugs with 16-kHz bandwidth are described. Both provide subjectively transparent sound with regard to sound quality and localization, i.e., they sound almost as if nothing is in the ears, while protecting the ears from blasts. Finally, two formal experiments are described which investigated localization performance compared to popular existing military HPDs and the open ear. The tested earplugs performed well regarding maintaining situational awareness. Detection-distance and acceptance studies are underway. Sumario Un gran número de soldados que regresan de la guerra reportan pérdidas auditivas y/o acúfenos. Muchos soldados en servicio se niegan a usar sus dispositivos de protección auditiva (HPD) porque sienten que los tapones auditivos interfieren con su capacidad para detectar y localizar al enemigo y/o a sus amigos. El problema de detección puede manejarse fácilmente con dispositivos electrónicos con micrófonos de bajo ruido. El problema de localización no es tan fácil de resolver. En este trabajo, los factores que reducen la conciencia situacional – hipoacusia y un ancho de banda restringido en dispositivos HPD – se discuten a la luz de los datos disponibles, seguidos de una revisión de la claves para la localización. Se describen dos tapones auditivos electrónicos para explosión, con un ancho de banda de 16 kHz. Ambos aportan subjetivamente un sonido transparente en relación con la calidad y la localización del sonido, p.e., suenan como si no existiera nada en el oído, a la vez que lo protegen de la explosión. Finalmente, se describen dos experimentos formales que investigan el desempeño en la localización, comparados con los HPD militares existentes y con un oído sin protección. Los tapones auditivos evaluados se desempeñaron bien manteniendo conciencia de situación. Están en proceso estudios de distancia de detección y de aceptación.

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