REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICE ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVES IN THE CORPORATE AND/OR BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

This project investigated the potential to introduce road safety based initiatives in the corporate environment. The report includes: (1) a literature review; (2) a review of European research and programs; (3) interviews with government and corporate representatives; and (4) a review of the occupational health and safety legal perspective. From the literature review it was concluded that the fleet safety initiatives which have potential to be effective are: (1) selecting safer vehicles; (2) some particular driver training and education programs; (3) incentives (not rewards); and (4) company safety programs in companies with an overall safety emphasis. European research and programs vary widely from the incorporation of fleet safety into quality assurance of transport in Sweden to the use of driver training and driver discussion groups in other jurisdictions. In Europe, as in Australia and other parts of the world, evaluation of the effectiveness of fleet safety initiatives is rarely undertaken. The current OHS legislation in Victoria allows considerable opportunity for promotion of best practice injury prevention measures. However, the lack of regulations specifically targeting vehicle and driver safety in the occupational setting means that enforcement is only relevant to a small range of fleet safety problems. (a)

[1]  Mary Pat McKay,et al.  DRIVER INJURY PATTERNS IN THE UNITED STATES AND AUSTRALIA: DOES BELTWEARING OR AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT MAKE A DIFFERENCE? , 1999 .

[2]  P Lynn,et al.  THE ACCIDENTAL LIABILITY OF COMPANY CAR DRIVERS , 1999 .

[3]  Anders Kullgren.  Validity and reliability of vehicle collis : crash pulse recorders for impact severity and injury risk assessment in real-life frontal impacts , 1998 .

[4]  Craig N. Kloeden,et al.  SPEED AND THE RISK OF INVOLVEMENT IN A CASUALTY CRASH , 1998 .

[5]  Dagmar G. Buzeman.  Car-to-car and single car crash compatibility : individual effects of mass, structure, stiffness and geometry , 1997 .

[6]  B Corben,et al.  Prediction of Australian road fatalities for the year 2010 , 1998 .

[7]  G Maycock,et al.  THE SAFETY OF FLEET CAR DRIVERS: A REVIEW , 1999 .

[8]  Raphael H. Grzebieta,et al.  INVESTIGATION INTO THE PHYSICS GOVERNING SEAT BACK BEHAVIOUR IN WHIPLASH INJURIES , 1999 .

[9]  Claes Tingvall,et al.  The Vision Zero and its consequences , 1997 .

[10]  D L Fell,et al.  Driver fatigue in the city. , 1997, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[11]  C Leclercq,et al.  ALCOHOL AND WORKING SPHERE TO A WIDENED PREVENTIVE ACTION , 1997 .

[12]  C. Cook,et al.  Sleep related vehicle accidents , 1995, BMJ.

[13]  M Kullgren Krafft.  The risk of skull/brain injuries in modern cars , 1998 .

[14]  Brian N. Fildes,et al.  A preliminary analysis of the effectiveness of airbag technology in reducing seatbelt injuries , 1997 .

[15]  A Kullgren,et al.  THE EFFECT OF CRASH PULSE SHAPE ON AIS1 NECK INJURIES IN FRONTAL IMPACTS , 1999 .

[16]  J M Violanti,et al.  Cellular phones and traffic accidents: an epidemiological approach. , 1996, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[17]  Å. Nygren.  Injuries to car occupants--some aspects of the interior safety of cars. A study of a five-year material from an insurance company. , 1984, Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum.

[18]  Felix H. Walz,et al.  Consequences for seat design due to rear end accident analysis, sled tests and possible test criteria for reducing cervical spine injuries after rear-end collision , 1999 .

[19]  L Evans,et al.  Car mass and fatality risk: has the relationship changed? , 1994, American journal of public health.

[20]  A P Vulcan,et al.  Airbag and facebag benefits and costs. , 1994, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[21]  D. Dawson,et al.  Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment , 1997, Nature.

[22]  H. Botzow.  Auto Fleet Management , 1968 .

[23]  Stuart Vaughan Newstead,et al.  Vehicle crashworthiness ratings and crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture: Victoria and NSW crashes during 1987-96 , 1997 .

[24]  James Dalziel,et al.  RISK-TAKING AND FATIGUE IN TAXI DRIVERS , 1998 .

[25]  L Evans,et al.  Airbag effectiveness in preventing fatalities predicted according to type of crash, driver age, and blood alcohol concentration. , 1989, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[26]  C B Kedjidjian.  FLEET SAFETY: HOW TO SAVE LIVES AND MONEY , 1995 .

[27]  A Guppy,et al.  Speeding in relation to perceptions of risk, utility and driving style by British company car drivers. , 1995, Ergonomics.

[28]  Anders Lie,et al.  THE CRASH SAFETY OF NEW CAR MODELS - A COMPARATIVE ACCIDENT STUDY OF NEW VERSUS OLD CAR MODELS , 1996 .

[29]  S Fosser,et al.  An investigation of behavioural adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers. , 1997, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[30]  G J Wilde,et al.  Incentive systems for accident-free and violation-free driving in the general population. , 1982, Ergonomics.

[31]  Max Cameron,et al.  UPDATED CORRELATION OF RESULTS FROM THE AUSTRALIAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAM WITH REAL CRASH DATA FROM 1987 TO 1996 , 1999 .

[32]  D Poole.  DAYTIME RUNNING LIGHTS: SMALL-SCALE FLEET STUDY , 1999 .

[33]  J. Violanti.  Cellular phones and traffic accidents. , 1997, Public health.

[34]  W Anderson,et al.  AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO FLEET SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE , 1999 .

[35]  Claes Tingvall,et al.  Prediction of neck injuries in rear impacts based on accident data and simulations , 1997 .

[36]  Maria Krafft.  NON-FATAL INJURIES TO CAR OCCUPANTS: INJURY ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS CAUSING SHORT AND LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NECK INJURIES , 1998 .

[37]  L Evans,et al.  Antilock brakes and risk of front and rear impact in two-vehicle crashes. , 1996, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[38]  Max Cameron,et al.  Vehicle crashworthiness ratings and crashworthiness by year of vehicle manufacture: Victoria and NSW crashes during 1987-97, Queensland crashes during 1991-6 , 1999 .

[39]  Dietmar Otte.  SEVERITY AND MECHANISM OF HEAD IMPACTS IN CAR TO PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS , 1999 .

[40]  Gabriel Helmers,et al.  Daytime running lights , 1991 .

[41]  A P Vulcan,et al.  Passenger cars and occupant injury: side impact crashes , 1994 .

[42]  B N Fildes,et al.  Prevention of Head Injuries to Car Occupants: An Investigation of Interior Padding Options , 1997 .

[43]  N P Gregersen,et al.  Road safety improvement in large companies. An experimental comparison of different measures. , 1996, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[44]  I. Gray.  An attempt to reduce accidents in a company car fleet by driver training and encouragement of low risk driving habits , 1990 .

[45]  R A Isenberg.  UPDATE ON THE PEDESTRIAN CRASH DATA STUDY , 1998 .

[46]  Anders Lie,et al.  The effectiveness of ABS in real life accidents , 1994 .

[47]  R. R. Mackie,et al.  A Study of the Combined Effects of Extended Driving and Heat Stress on Driver Arousal and Performance , 1977 .

[48]  Brian N. Fildes,et al.  AN INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH DRIVING SPEED , 1998 .