Cadre théorique pour l'évaluation des infrastructures d'information géospatiale

Many countries around the world are constructing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In order to meet more important SDI expectations and goals, several approaches have been conducted. However, the literature suggests that SDI initiatives do not necessarily meet the major users’ needs and that the most important objectives have not yet been reached. This fact raises a number of questions, mainly the issue as to whether or not the real usefulness of SDI initiatives is limited. If this were the case, SDI projects would not be sufficiently justified and consequently available resources scarcer. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate SDI initiatives. In spite of this, there does not exist, to date, enough valid or widespread criteria based upon which SDI can be evaluated. Hence, it is essential that relevant criteria be defined, through which it is possible to evaluate such approaches, as well as their results. In order to reach this goal, we conducted qualitative research to develop a theoretical framework for the evaluation of SDI projects, through the identification and description of common success criteria across different contextual backgrounds. Our first step was to conceptualize the evaluation and success antecedents through the literature. Secondly, an International Web Survey was conducted applying Delphi study basis. Finally, the core of this research was two SDI case studies. Switzerland and Uruguay were examined in order to gain better understanding of criteria and context. We propose that SDI evaluation should be a process that involves everyone in the social construction of these infrastructures. Thus, SDI can be evaluated based on two major dimensions: "Quality Dimension" and "Virtue Dimension". Each dimension is composed of evaluation zones. We suggest that SDI can become largely valuable projects only if they are useful to society. This two-dimensional evaluation framework should be a good tool to help SDI organizations to estimate and improve the success of SDI initiatives. It allows the definition of conditions under which the SDI objectives may be planned and judged, while respecting the diversity of approaches adopted by each community. The notion of useful assessment, promoting training and social transformation, underlies the theoretical framework proposed.