Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies?

[1]  G. Buettner,et al.  Relative alpha-tocopherol deficiency in cultured cells: free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, lipid oxidizability, and cellular polyunsaturated fatty acid content. , 1995, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[2]  M. Chan,et al.  Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate delivers hydrogen peroxide to induce death of ovarian cancer cells and enhances their cisplatin susceptibility , 2006, Journal of cellular physiology.

[3]  S. Sang,et al.  Possible controversy over dietary polyphenols: benefits vs risks. , 2007, Chemical research in toxicology.

[4]  L. Skibsted,et al.  The 6-a-day study: effects of fruit and vegetables on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense in healthy nonsmokers. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[5]  Phuong Chung,et al.  Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan , 2003, Nature.

[6]  S. Barnes,et al.  Chlorination and nitration of soy isoflavones. , 1999, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[7]  J. Crapo,et al.  Hyperoxia enhances lung and liver nuclear superoxide generation. , 1984, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[8]  J. Salonen,et al.  No effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[9]  G. Bartosz,et al.  Reactive oxygen species are formed in cell culture media. , 2000, Acta biochimica Polonica.

[10]  M. Leist,et al.  Conventional cell culture media do not adequately supply cells with antioxidants and thus facilitate peroxide-induced genotoxicity. , 1996, Free radical biology & medicine.

[11]  J. Lunec,et al.  ReviewPart of the Series: From Dietary Antioxidants to Regulators in Cellular Signalling and Gene ExpressionReview: When is an antioxidant not an antioxidant? A review of novel actions and reactions of vitamin C , 2005, Free radical research.

[12]  H. Fang,et al.  Recent advance in the research of flavonoids as anticancer agents. , 2007, Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry.

[13]  Barry Halliwell,et al.  Oxidative stress in cell culture: an under‐appreciated problem? , 2003, FEBS letters.

[14]  H. Aoshima,et al.  Prevention of the deterioration of polyphenol-rich beverages , 2007 .

[15]  W. Berger,et al.  Green tea extract and (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, the major tea catechin, exert oxidant but lack antioxidant activities , 2005, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[16]  G. Münch,et al.  Coffee and Maillard products activate NF-kappaB in macrophages via H2O2 production. , 2007, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[17]  M. Katan,et al.  Effect of consumption of phenols from olives and extra virgin olive oil on LDL oxidizability in healthy humans , 2001, Free radical research.

[18]  Barry Halliwell,et al.  Oxidative stress and cancer: have we moved forward? , 2007, The Biochemical journal.

[19]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Factors Affecting the Ascorbate- and Phenolic-dependent Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium , 2003, Free radical research.

[20]  Keunchil Park,et al.  L-Ascorbic acid induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells via hydrogen peroxide-mediated mechanisms. , 2004, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[21]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Human fecal water content of phenolics: the extent of colonic exposure to aromatic compounds. , 2005, Free radical biology & medicine.

[22]  J. Lovegrove,et al.  Supplementation with fruit and vegetable soups and beverages increases plasma carotenoid concentrations but does not alter markers of oxidative stress or cardiovascular risk factors. , 2006, The Journal of nutrition.

[23]  G. Yang,et al.  Effect of black and green tea polyphenols on c-jun phosphorylation and H(2)O(2) production in transformed and non-transformed human bronchial cell lines: possible mechanisms of cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. , 2000, Carcinogenesis.

[24]  J. Morrow,et al.  Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in chronic smokers , 2005, Free radical research.

[25]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration by catechin polyphenols. , 1997, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[26]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The identification of antioxidants in dark soy sauce , 2007, Free radical research.

[27]  B. Halliwell,et al.  A reevaluation of the peroxynitrite scavenging activity of some dietary phenolics. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[28]  S. Kumazawa,et al.  Role of Lipophilicity and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in the Cytotoxicity of Flavonols , 2001, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[29]  H. Scher,et al.  Genistein Is a Natural Inhibitor of Hexose and Dehydroascorbic Acid Transport through the Glucose Transporter, GLUT1 (*) , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[30]  A. Azzi,et al.  Non-antioxidant activities of vitamin E. , 2004, Current medicinal chemistry.

[31]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Cautions in the use of biomarkers of oxidative damage; the vascular and antioxidant effects of dark soy sauce in humans. , 2006, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[32]  R. Barbehenn,et al.  Fenton-type reactions and iron concentrations in the midgut fluids of tree-feeding caterpillars. , 2005, Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology.

[33]  Y. Inoue,et al.  Green Tea Polyphenols Function as Prooxidants To Activate Oxidative-Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Yeasts , 2006, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[34]  G. Almeida,et al.  Investigation of the role of extracellular H2O2 and transition metal ions in the genotoxic action of ascorbic acid in cell culture models. , 2007, Toxicology letters.

[35]  Chi-Tang Ho,et al.  Stability of tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and formation of dimers and epimers under common experimental conditions. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[36]  D. Barron,et al.  In vitro biological properties of flavonoid conjugates found in vivo , 2005, Free radical research.

[37]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of the plant phenolics quercetin, gossypol and myricetin. Effects on lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical generation and bleomycin-dependent damage to DNA. , 1989, Biochemical pharmacology.

[38]  James S. Wright,et al.  Mechanism of cytotoxicity of catechols and a naphthalenediol in PC12-AC cells: the connection between extracellular autoxidation and molecular electronic structure. , 2005, Free radical biology & medicine.

[39]  R. Barbehenn,et al.  Phenolic Compounds in Red Oak and Sugar Maple Leaves Have Prooxidant Activities in the Midgut Fluids of Malacosoma disstria and Orgyia leucostigma Caterpillars , 2005, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[40]  A. di Pietro,et al.  Recent advances in the discovery of flavonoids and analogs with high‐affinity binding to P‐glycoprotein responsible for cancer cell multidrug resistance , 2002, Medicinal research reviews.

[41]  C. Babbs.  Free radicals and the etiology of colon cancer. , 1990, Free radical biology & medicine.

[42]  D. Albanes,et al.  Intake of Flavonols and Flavones and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Male Smokers , 2001, Epidemiology.

[43]  S. Métairon,et al.  Urinary isoprostane excretion is not confounded by the lipid content of the diet , 1999, FEBS letters.

[44]  Chi-Tang Ho,et al.  Effects of garcinol and its derivatives on intestinal cell growth: Inhibitory effects and autoxidation-dependent growth-stimulatory effects. , 2007, Free radical biology & medicine.

[45]  L. Klotz,et al.  Polyphenols of Cocoa: Inhibition of Mammalian 15-Lipoxygenase , 2001, Biological chemistry.

[46]  E. Herrera,et al.  Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid and flavonoids on LDL submitted to different degrees of oxidation. , 1997, Free radical research.

[47]  J. T. Macgregor,et al.  Summary of major conclusions from the 4th IWGT, San Francisco, 9-10 September, 2005. , 2007, Mutation research.

[48]  J. Crapo,et al.  The effect of hyperoxia on superoxide production by lung submitochondrial particles. , 1982, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[49]  S. Oikawa,et al.  Procyanidin B2 has anti- and pro-oxidant effects on metal-mediated DNA damage. , 2005, Free radical biology & medicine.

[50]  M. Inoue,et al.  Catalase contents in cells determine sensitivity to the apoptosis inducer gallic acid. , 2001, Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin.

[51]  C. Laurent,et al.  Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in Caco-2 Cell Culture Medium by Addition of Phenolic Compounds: Effect of Ascorbic Acid , 2002, Free radical research.

[52]  K. Fung,et al.  Pro-oxidative effects of tea and polyphenols, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epigallocatechin, on G6PD-deficient erythrocytes in vitro. , 2006, International journal of molecular medicine.

[53]  A. Azmi,et al.  Oxidative breakage of cellular DNA by plant polyphenols: a putative mechanism for anticancer properties. , 2007, Seminars in cancer biology.

[54]  Rui M. Rocha,et al.  Interactions of Flavonoids with Iron and Copper Ions: A Mechanism for their Antioxidant Activity , 2002, Free radical research.

[55]  R Fautz,et al.  In vitro approaches to develop weight of evidence (WoE) and mode of action (MoA) discussions with positive in vitro genotoxicity results. , 2007, Mutagenesis.

[56]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Artifacts in cell culture: rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide on addition of (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, and quercetin to commonly used cell culture media. , 2000, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[57]  F. Granado,et al.  Mediterranean vegetable soup consumption increases plasma vitamin C and decreases F2-isoprostanes, prostaglandin E2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in healthy humans. , 2006, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[58]  G. FitzGerald,et al.  Effects of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in healthy persons. , 2001, JAMA.

[59]  A. Hofman,et al.  Inverse association of tea and flavonoid intakes with incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[60]  M. Kassem,et al.  Selenium Supplementation Restores the Antioxidative Capacity and Prevents Cell Damage in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells In Vitro , 2006, Stem cells.

[61]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Free radicals in biology and medicine , 1985 .

[62]  Kum Kum Khanna,et al.  From selenium to selenoproteins: synthesis, identity, and their role in human health. , 2007, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[63]  H. Sies,et al.  Myeloperoxidase-mediated LDL oxidation and endothelial cell toxicity of oxidized LDL: attenuation by (−)-epicatechin , 2006, Free radical research.

[64]  H. Arimochi,et al.  In Vitro Cytotoxicity of 4-Methylcatechol in Murine Tumor Cells: Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Extracellular Pro-Oxidant Action , 2003, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[65]  H. Neil,et al.  The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies , 2003, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[66]  C. Sen.  Antioxidant and redox regulation of cellular signaling: introduction. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[67]  A. Hofman,et al.  Pomegranate juice flavonoids inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation and cardiovascular diseases: studies in atherosclerotic mice and in humans. , 2002, Drugs under experimental and clinical research.

[68]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Contribution of hydrogen peroxide to the cytotoxicity of green tea and red wines. , 2003, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[69]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Coffee drinking increases levels of urinary hydrogen peroxide detected in healthy human volunteers , 2000, Free radical research.

[70]  J. Kanner,et al.  Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of phenolics on pancreatic β-cells in vitro , 2002 .

[71]  J. Labat-Robert,et al.  Inhibition of cell proliferation and fibronectin biosynthesis by Na ascorbate , 2002, European journal of clinical investigation.

[72]  J. Kanner,et al.  The stomach as a bioreactor: dietary lipid peroxidation in the gastric fluid and the effects of plant-derived antioxidants. , 2001, Free radical biology & medicine.

[73]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Interactions of a series of coumarins with reactive oxygen species. Scavenging of superoxide, hypochlorous acid and hydroxyl radicals. , 1992, Biochemical pharmacology.

[74]  H. Nakagawa,et al.  Generation of hydrogen peroxide primarily contributes to the induction of Fe(II)-dependent apoptosis in Jurkat cells by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. , 2004, Carcinogenesis.

[75]  Chi-Tang Ho,et al.  Autoxidative quinone formation in vitro and metabolite formation in vivo from tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: studied by real-time mass spectrometry combined with tandem mass ion mapping. , 2007, Free radical biology & medicine.

[76]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The gastrointestinal tract: A major site of antioxidant action? , 2000, Free radical research.

[77]  H. de Groot,et al.  Hypoxia, reactive oxygen, and cell injury. , 1989, Free radical biology & medicine.

[78]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Inhibition of mammalian 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase by flavonoids and phenolic dietary additives. Relationship to antioxidant activity and to iron ion-reducing ability. , 1991, Biochemical pharmacology.

[79]  G. Williamson,et al.  Cocoa and health: a decade of research , 2007, British Journal of Nutrition.

[80]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Rapid preparation of human urine and plasma samples for analysis of F2-isoprostanes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[81]  T. Kensler,et al.  Role of dietary supplements/nutraceuticals in chemoprevention through induction of cytoprotective enzymes. , 2007, Chemical research in toxicology.

[82]  L. Packer,et al.  The antioxidant network of the stratum corneum. , 2001, Current problems in dermatology.

[83]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  The metabolic fate of dietary polyphenols in humans. , 2002, Free radical biology & medicine.

[84]  J. Donovan,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans. , 2004, Free radical research.

[85]  I. Benzie,et al.  Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on human DNA is dose dependent and mediated by hydrogen peroxide , 2005, Redox report : communications in free radical research.

[86]  Xiao-Ming Yin,et al.  Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, a Natural Polyphenol Antioxidant, Selectively Kills Leukemic Cells by Induction of Oxidative Stress* , 2007, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[87]  E. Feskens,et al.  Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study , 1993, The Lancet.

[88]  R. Owen,et al.  Free radical generating mechanisms in the colon: their role in the induction and promotion of colorectal cancer? , 1989, Free radical research communications.

[89]  Chung S. Yang,et al.  Salivary hydrogen peroxide produced by holding or chewing green tea in the oral cavity , 2007, Free radical research.

[90]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The in vitro cytotoxicity of ascorbate depends on the culture medium used to perform the assay and involves hydrogen peroxide. , 2001, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[91]  I. Arts,et al.  SIRT1 stimulation by polyphenols is affected by their stability and metabolism , 2006, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.

[92]  P. Bose,et al.  Chocolate is a powerful ex vivo and in vivo antioxidant, an antiatherosclerotic agent in an animal model, and a significant contributor to antioxidants in the European and American Diets. , 2006, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[93]  V. Adhami,et al.  Polyphenols from green tea and pomegranate for prevention of prostate cancer , 2006, Free radical research.

[94]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Different cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of epigallocatechin gallate in various cell-culture media due to variable rates of its oxidation in the culture medium. , 2007, Mutation research.

[95]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The cytotoxicity of dopamine may be an artefact of cell culture , 2002, Journal of neurochemistry.

[96]  T. Kinoshita,et al.  Effect of a conjugated quercetin metabolite, quercetin 3-glucuronide, on lipid hydroperoxide-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species in differentiated PC-12 cells , 2006, Free radical research.

[97]  M. Akagawa,et al.  Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Polyphenols and Polyphenol-rich Beverages under Quasi-physiological Conditions , 2003, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[98]  K. Lee,et al.  Antiproliferative effects of dietary phenolic substances and hydrogen peroxide. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[99]  J. Muller,et al.  Tea Consumption and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction , 2002, Circulation.

[100]  K. Fukuchi,et al.  Production of hydrogen peroxide and methionine sulfoxide by epigallocatechin gallate and antioxidants. , 2001, Anticancer research.

[101]  S. Rhee,et al.  H2O2, a Necessary Evil for Cell Signaling , 2006, Science.

[102]  J. Kanner,et al.  Can apple antioxidants inhibit tumor cell proliferation? Generation of H(2)O(2) during interaction of phenolic compounds with cell culture media. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[103]  A. Folsom,et al.  Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. , 1999, American journal of epidemiology.

[104]  Rui M. Rocha,et al.  Structure-antioxidant Activity Relationships of Flavonoids: A Re-examination , 2002, Free radical research.

[105]  J. Manson,et al.  Dietary intakes of flavonols and flavones and coronary heart disease in US women. , 2007, American journal of epidemiology.

[106]  D. Dickinson,et al.  Roles of Catalase and Hydrogen Peroxide in Green Tea Polyphenol-Induced Chemopreventive Effects , 2004, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[107]  P. van Bladeren,et al.  Structure-activity study on the quinone/quinone methide chemistry of flavonoids. , 2001, Chemical research in toxicology.