Alternative and sustainable solvents for green analytical chemistry

Analytical chemistry relies massively on solvents, which are generally petroleum-based and have hazardous effects. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for analysis should have high selectivity, solvency, low toxicity, and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable and recyclable, and be obtained from renewable resources at a reasonable price. Obviously, finding the ideal solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a big challenge. Therefore, the selection of the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the extraction procedure, the analytical method, the matrix, and the target molecules. In this current opinion, we provide an instantaneous picture of current knowledge on alternative and sustainable solvents used in analytical laboratories either for sample preparation or analysis in terms of innovation and development of safe products and procedures.

[1]  Yong Wang,et al.  The effect of alternative solvents to n-hexane on the green extraction of Litsea cubeba kernel oils as new oil sources , 2018, Industrial Crops and Products.

[2]  V. Nardello‐Rataj,et al.  Hydrotropic Extraction of Carnosic Acid from Rosemary with Short-Chain Alkyl Polyethylene Glycol Ethers , 2020, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering.

[3]  J. Winterburn,et al.  Orange peel waste valorisation through limonene extraction using bio-based solvents , 2019, Biochemical Engineering Journal.

[4]  Christopher J. Welch,et al.  Greening Flash Chromatography , 2016 .

[5]  M. Eberlin,et al.  Extraction and assessment of oil and bioactive compounds from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) using pressurized n-propane and ethanol as cosolvent , 2020 .

[6]  P. Sassiat,et al.  Alternative solvents for improving the greenness of normal phase liquid chromatography of lipid classes. , 2016, Journal of chromatography. A.

[7]  C. Samorì,et al.  Extraction and milking of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis cultures , 2019, Green Chemistry.

[8]  F. Chemat,et al.  2-Methyloxolane (2-MeOx) as Sustainable Lipophilic Solvent to Substitute Hexane for Green Extraction of Natural Products. Properties, Applications, and Perspectives , 2020, Molecules.

[9]  Yang Shan,et al.  Efficient extraction and characterization of pectin from orange peel by a combined surfactant and microwave assisted process. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[10]  R. Ksouri,et al.  Green Extraction of Fennel and Anise Edible Oils Using Bio-Based Solvent and Supercritical Fluid: Assessment of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Property, and Oxidative Stability , 2019, Food and Bioprocess Technology.

[11]  F. Chemat,et al.  Alternative solvents for lipid extraction and their effect on protein quality in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae , 2019, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[12]  Anne‐Sylvie Fabiano‐Tixier,et al.  2-Methyloxolane as a Bio-Based Solvent for Green Extraction of Aromas from Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) , 2020, Molecules.

[13]  N. Danielson,et al.  Micellar and sub-micellar liquid chromatography of terephthalic acid contaminants using a C18 column coated with Tween 20. , 2020, Analytica chimica acta.

[14]  Farid Chemat,et al.  Pistacia lentiscus L. edible oil: green extraction with bio-based solvents, metabolite profiling and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity , 2019, OCL.

[15]  Maria Gonzalez-Miquel,et al.  Extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from orange peel waste using deep eutectic solvents , 2018, Separation and Purification Technology.

[16]  Mário Roberto Maróstica,et al.  Subcritical water extraction of flavanones from defatted orange peel , 2018, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids.

[17]  A. A. D’Archivio,et al.  Extraction of curcuminoids by using ethyl lactate and its optimisation by response surface methodology , 2018, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[18]  Miroslav Lísa,et al.  High-Throughput and Comprehensive Lipidomic Analysis Using Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. , 2015, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  G. Absalan,et al.  Designing a sustainable mobile phase composition for melamine monitoring in milk samples based on micellar liquid chromatography and natural deep eutectic solvent. , 2020, Journal of chromatography. A.

[20]  P. Venskutonis,et al.  Biorefining of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Pomace Using Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity, Ultrasound-Assisted, and Bead-Milling Extraction , 2018 .

[21]  Yu Yang,et al.  Separation and Analysis of Aspirin and Metformin HCl Using Green Subcritical Water Chromatography , 2018, Molecules.

[22]  M. Coimbra,et al.  Revisiting the chemistry of apple pomace polyphenols. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[23]  Derya Kahveci,et al.  Optimization of enzyme assisted extraction of lycopene from industrial tomato waste , 2019, Separation and Purification Technology.

[24]  C. C. Eylem,et al.  Application of green methodology to pharmaceutical analysis using eco-friendly ethanol-water mobile phases , 2020 .

[25]  Zhen-Shan Zhang,et al.  Extraction and Characterization of Flaxseed Oil Obtained with Subcritical n-Butane. , 2020, Journal of oleo science.

[26]  G. Absalan,et al.  Employment of a natural deep eutectic solvent as a sustainable mobile phase additive for improving the isolation of four crucial cardiovascular drugs by micellar liquid chromatography. , 2020, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[27]  François Fenaille,et al.  Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for lipidomics. , 2019, Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS.

[28]  Paul M. Rose,et al.  Enhancing the Potential Exploitation of Food Waste: Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Renewable Specialty Chemicals from Blackcurrants ( Ribes nigrum L.). , 2018, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[29]  M. Ventura.  Advantageous use of SFC for separation of crude therapeutic peptides and peptide libraries. , 2020, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[30]  N. Haman,et al.  Supercritical fluid extraction of oils from apple seeds: Process optimization, chemical characterization and comparison with a conventional solvent extraction , 2020 .

[31]  D. Raj.  Thin-layer chromatography with eutectic mobile phases-preliminary results. , 2020, Journal of chromatography. A.

[32]  I. Arends,et al.  Are Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents the Missing Link in Understanding Cellular Metabolism and Physiology?[W] , 2011, Plant Physiology.

[33]  Wahyudiono,et al.  Lipid extraction from microalgae covered with biomineralized cell walls using liquefied dimethyl ether , 2020 .

[34]  Y. Choi,et al.  Broad range chemical profiling of natural deep eutectic solvent extracts using a high performance thin layer chromatography-based method. , 2018, Journal of chromatography. A.

[35]  Y. Choi,et al.  Green solvents from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents to natural deep eutectic solvents , 2018, Comptes Rendus Chimie.

[36]  E. Fukusaki,et al.  Supercritical fluid chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry based lipidomics platform coupled with automated lipid identification software for accurate lipid profiling. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[37]  E. Hilder,et al.  Using natural deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of metabolites in Byrsonima intermedia leaves. , 2018, Journal of separation science.