3D plasmonic metamaterials for enhanced spectral sensitivity of optical nanosensors

Plasmonic metamaterials for biosensing were designed as artificial materials, composed of gold/silver nanostructured blocks forming a nanolattice, which can provide improved sensing response in optical transduction compared to classical materials and additional sensing functionalities. 2D plasmonic nanoperiodic structures, including nanohole and nanodot arrays are prominent examples of such metamaterials, which can offer a series of novel functionalities, including size selectivity, spectral tuneability, drastical field enhancement etc., although spectral sensitivity of these structures is limited by spatial periodicity related to diffraction nature of plasmon coupling. Here, we consider metamaterials based on 3D plasmonic crystals and show the possibility of a delocalized plasmon mode, which can provide a drastic gain in spectral sensitivity (> 2600 nm/RIU compared to 200-400 nm/RIU for 2D structures). Combined with larger surface for bioimmobilization provided by the 3D matrix, the proposed metamaterial structure promises the advancement of plasmonic biosensing technology.

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