Learning Factorized Representations for Open-set Domain Adaptation

Domain adaptation for visual recognition has undergone great progress in the past few years. Nevertheless, most existing methods work in the so-called closed-set scenario, assuming that the classes depicted by the target images are exactly the same as those of the source domain. In this paper, we tackle the more challenging, yet more realistic case of open-set domain adaptation, where new, unknown classes can be present in the target data. While, in the unsupervised scenario, one cannot expect to be able to identify each specific new class, we aim to automatically detect which samples belong to these new classes and discard them from the recognition process. To this end, we rely on the intuition that the source and target samples depicting the known classes can be generated by a shared subspace, whereas the target samples from unknown classes come from a different, private subspace. We therefore introduce a framework that factorizes the data into shared and private parts, while encouraging the shared representation to be discriminative. Our experiments on standard benchmarks evidence that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in open-set domain adaptation.

[1]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Beyond Sharing Weights for Deep Domain Adaptation , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[2]  Qilong Wang,et al.  Mind the Class Weight Bias: Weighted Maximum Mean Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[3]  Brian C. Lovell,et al.  Domain Adaptation on the Statistical Manifold , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  Juergen Gall,et al.  Open Set Domain Adaptation , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[5]  Tinne Tuytelaars,et al.  A Testbed for Cross-Dataset Analysis , 2014, ECCV Workshops.

[6]  Terrance E. Boult,et al.  Towards Open World Recognition , 2014, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[7]  Karsten M. Borgwardt,et al.  Covariate Shift by Kernel Mean Matching , 2009, NIPS 2009.

[8]  Sumit Chopra,et al.  DLID: Deep Learning for Domain Adaptation by Interpolating between Domains , 2013 .

[9]  Brian C. Lovell,et al.  Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Domain Invariant Projection , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[10]  Rama Chellappa,et al.  Unsupervised Adaptation Across Domain Shifts by Generating Intermediate Data Representations , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[11]  Tinne Tuytelaars,et al.  Unsupervised Visual Domain Adaptation Using Subspace Alignment , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[12]  Rajat Raina,et al.  Efficient sparse coding algorithms , 2006, NIPS.

[13]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Learning Transferable Features with Deep Adaptation Networks , 2015, ICML.

[14]  Ivor W. Tsang,et al.  Domain Adaptation via Transfer Component Analysis , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks.

[15]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Deep Transfer Learning with Joint Adaptation Networks , 2016, ICML.

[16]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Factorized Latent Spaces with Structured Sparsity , 2010, NIPS.

[17]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Deep Domain Confusion: Maximizing for Domain Invariance , 2014, CVPR 2014.

[18]  Terrance E. Boult,et al.  Probability Models for Open Set Recognition , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[19]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Adapting Visual Category Models to New Domains , 2010, ECCV.

[20]  Kristen Grauman,et al.  Connecting the Dots with Landmarks: Discriminatively Learning Domain-Invariant Features for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation , 2013, ICML.

[21]  Victor S. Lempitsky,et al.  Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Backpropagation , 2014, ICML.

[22]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  DeCAF: A Deep Convolutional Activation Feature for Generic Visual Recognition , 2013, ICML.

[23]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Residual Transfer Networks , 2016, NIPS.

[24]  Kate Saenko,et al.  Deep CORAL: Correlation Alignment for Deep Domain Adaptation , 2016, ECCV Workshops.

[25]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Simultaneous Deep Transfer Across Domains and Tasks , 2015, ICCV.

[26]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[27]  Kate Saenko,et al.  Return of Frustratingly Easy Domain Adaptation , 2015, AAAI.

[28]  Yuan Shi,et al.  Geodesic flow kernel for unsupervised domain adaptation , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[29]  George Trigeorgis,et al.  Domain Separation Networks , 2016, NIPS.

[30]  Mengjie Zhang,et al.  Deep Reconstruction-Classification Networks for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation , 2016, ECCV.