Magnetism-based sensors

This paper begins with an overview of nanostructured magnetoelastic materials, namely the amorphous ferromagnetic alloys, detailing how the material structure gives rise to unique magnetic and physical properties suitable for sensor applications, such as a high magnetostriction coefficient, high magnetoelastic coupling, as well as low coercive force and anisotropy field. With the correlation between the material structure and the magnetic and physical properties established, we then show how these unique properties are utilized for measuring multiple physical parameters such as stress/strain, liquid density and viscosity, fluid flow velocity, coating elasticity, ambient temperature, and chemical analyte concentrations including glucose, pH, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.

[1]  K. Harada,et al.  A new torque transducer using stress sensitive amorphous ribbons , 1982 .

[2]  C. Moldovanu,et al.  Performances of the fluxgate sensor with tensile stress annealed ribbons , 2000 .

[3]  T. Goto,et al.  Large spontaneous volume magnetostriction and pressure effects on the magnetic properties of amorphous Ce-Fe alloys , 1997 .

[4]  C A Grimes,et al.  Magnetoelastic sensors in combination with nanometer-scale honeycombed thin film ceramic TiO2 for remote query measurement of humidity. , 2000, Journal of applied physics.

[5]  C A Grimes,et al.  A wireless, remote query magnetoelastic CO2 sensor. , 2000, Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM.

[6]  H. Diep,et al.  Effects of magnetoelastic coupling: critical behavior and structure deformation , 2001 .

[7]  S. K. Ghatak,et al.  A simple fluxgate magnetometer using amorphous alloys , 1992 .

[8]  P. Ripka,et al.  Fluxgate sensor with increased homogeneity , 1990, International Conference on Magnetics.

[9]  S. Mader,et al.  METASTABLE Co–Au ALLOYS: EXAMPLE OF AN AMORPHOUS FERROMAGNET , 1965 .

[10]  É. D. Lacheisserie.  Magnetoelastic properties of amorphous alloys , 1982 .

[11]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Remote query pressure measurement using magnetoelastic sensors , 1999 .

[12]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Magnetoelastic sensors for remote query environmental monitoring , 1999 .

[13]  Kaneo Mohri,et al.  Review on recent advances in the field of amorphous-metal sensors and transducers , 1984 .

[14]  V. Iannotti,et al.  Direct magnetostriction and magnetoelastic wave amplitude to measure a linear displacement , 2000 .

[15]  H. R. Hilzinger.  Applications of metallic glasses in the electronics industry , 1985 .

[16]  H. Liebermann,et al.  Production of amorphous alloy ribbons and effects of apparatus parameters on ribbon dimensions , 1976 .

[17]  J. Barandiaran,et al.  Metallic glasses and sensing applications , 1988 .

[18]  Magnetoelastic torque magnetometer using the inverse Wiedemann effect , 1984 .

[19]  Koosuke Harada,et al.  Torque transducers with stress-sensitive amorphous ribbons of chevron-pattern , 1984 .

[20]  Clive H Orchard,et al.  The acid test. , 2004, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.

[21]  C. Grimes,et al.  A remote query magnetoelastic pH sensor. , 2000, Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical.

[22]  C A Grimes,et al.  A remote query magnetostrictive viscosity sensor. , 2000, Sensors and actuators. A, Physical.

[23]  Pavel Ripka,et al.  Development, construction and analysis of the 'OErsted' fluxgate magnetometer , 1995 .

[24]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Environmental monitoring using magnetoelastic sensors , 2000, Optics & Photonics.

[25]  L. Schepper,et al.  Calculation of elastic constants for an amorphous metal and the influence of relaxation , 1986 .

[26]  Arthur E. Clark,et al.  Magnetomechanical coupling and permeability in transversely annealed metglas 2605 alloys , 1981 .

[27]  K. Overshott,et al.  An improved force transducer using amorphous ribbon cores , 1981 .

[28]  R. L. Copeland,et al.  Analysis of a magnetoelastic sensor , 1994 .

[29]  H. Savage,et al.  A new amorphous ribbon fluxgate sensor based on torsional-creep-induced anisotropy , 1990 .

[30]  H. Chiriac,et al.  Fe-based amorphous thin film as a magnetoelastic sensor material , 2000 .

[31]  J. Gutiérrez,et al.  Magnetoelastic Properties of Some Fe-Rich Fe-Co-Si-B Metallic Glasses , 1989, 16 January.

[32]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  The frequency response of magnetoelastic sensors to stress and atmospheric pressure , 2000 .

[33]  H. Chiriac,et al.  New position sensor based on ultraacoustic standing waves in FeSiB amorphous wires , 2000 .

[34]  A. Inoue.  Bulk amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys with high functional properties , 2001 .

[35]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Magnetoacoustic remote query temperature and humidity sensors , 2000 .

[36]  J. Avaritsiotis,et al.  Thin film thickness sensor based on a new magnetostrictive delay line arrangement , 1999 .

[37]  Karel Jurek,et al.  Magnetoelastic properties of stress/field annealed Fe80Cr2B14Si14 amorphous alloy , 1999 .

[38]  Horia Chiriac,et al.  Functional study of fluxgate sensors with amorphous magnetic materials cores , 1997 .

[39]  Pilar Marín,et al.  Applications of amorphous and nanocrystalline magnetic materials , 2000 .

[40]  L. Lanotte,et al.  Application of magnetoelastic waves for sensors of displacement , 1997 .

[41]  P. M. Anderson.  Magnetomechanical coupling, ΔE effect, and permeability in FeSiB and FeNiMoB alloys , 1982 .

[42]  M. Sanchez,et al.  ΔE effect in amorphous microwires and fibres , 1999 .

[43]  Maria Neagu,et al.  New load cells and torque meters based on soft magnetic amorphous alloy wires , 1998 .

[44]  A. Clark,et al.  Magnetoelastic effects in Fe71Co9B20 glassy ribbons , 1979 .

[45]  E. E. Mitchell,et al.  A New Metglas Sensor , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[46]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Remote query fluid-flow velocity measurement using magnetoelastic thick-film sensors (invited) , 2000 .

[47]  O. Nielsen.  Effects of longitudinal and torsional stress annealing on the magnetic anisotropy in amorphous ribbon materials , 1985 .

[48]  K. Mohri,et al.  New force transducers using amorphous ribbon cores , 1978 .

[49]  P. Duwez,et al.  Amorphous Ferromagnetic Phase in Iron‐Carbon‐Phosphorus Alloys , 1967 .

[50]  J. Borst,et al.  The effect of annealing conditions on the magneto‐mechanical properties of Fe‐B‐Si amorphous ribbons , 1979 .

[51]  C. Grimes,et al.  Viscosity measurements of viscous liquids using magnetoelastic thick-film sensors , 2000 .

[52]  A. Hernando,et al.  Co-Si-B and Fe-Co-B amorphous alloys: Induced anisotropy and various magnetic properties , 1987 .

[53]  Craig A. Grimes,et al.  Simultaneous measurement of liquid density and viscosity using remote query magnetoelastic sensors , 2000 .

[54]  Kaneo Mohri,et al.  Stress-magnetic effects in iron-rich amorphous alloys and shock-stress sensors with no power , 1981 .

[55]  J. Gutiérrez,et al.  Magnetoelastic sensors based on soft amorphous magnetic alloys , 1997 .

[56]  M. Price,et al.  The variation of initial permeability of amorphous ribbons with frequency and annealing conditions , 1983 .

[57]  H. Lachowicz,et al.  Magnetostriction of amorphous magnetic materials , 1984 .

[58]  J. Barandiaran,et al.  Different kinds of magnetic anisotropies induced by current annealing in metallic glasses , 1987 .

[59]  J. Gutiérrez,et al.  New sensors based on the magnetoelastic resonance of metallic glasses , 2000 .

[60]  M. L. Spano,et al.  Magnetostriction and magnetic anisotropy of field annealed Metglas* 2605 alloys via dc M‐H loop measurements under stress , 1982 .

[61]  K G Ong,et al.  A magnetostatic-coupling based remote query sensor for environmental monitoring. , 1999, Journal of physics D: Applied physics.

[62]  C A Grimes,et al.  Remote query measurement of pressure, fluid-flow velocity, and humidity using magnetoelastic thick-film sensors. , 2000, Sensors and actuators. A, Physical.

[63]  H. Cesiulis,et al.  Electrodeposition and properties of NiW, FeW and FeNiW amorphous alloys. A comparative study , 2000 .