Energy, exergy and advanced exergy analysis of a milk processing factory

Abstract Energy, exergy and advanced exergy methods were used to analyse a milk powder production facility. While a conventional energy analysis is used to map the energy flows and to suggest possibilities for process integration through pinch analysis, an exergy analysis identifies the locations and magnitudes of thermodynamic irreversibilities. The advanced exergy analysis determines the real potential for thermodynamic improvements by dividing the exergy destruction into its avoidable and unavoidable parts, which relate to technological limitations, and into its endogenous and exogenous parts, which present the interactions between the different sub-systems. This analysis was based on factory data with which the complete production line (milk treatment, evaporators and dryers) and the utility systems were modelled. The results show the potential for optimisation and a comparison of the applicability of the different methods to the dairy industry. The pinch analysis and energy mapping showed that the potential for heat integration was small. The exergy analysis revealed the gas burner and spray dryer caused most exergy destruction, while the heaters had low exergy efficiencies. The advanced exergy analysis found the evaporators to have a high share of avoidable exergy destruction. However not all results from the advanced exergy analysis were practical.

[1]  Daniel Favrat,et al.  Energy integration of industrial processes based on the pinch analysis method extended to include exergy factors , 1996 .

[2]  Robin Smith,et al.  Chemical Process: Design and Integration , 2005 .

[3]  Tatiana Morosuk,et al.  Conventional and Advanced Exergetic Analyses: Theory and Application , 2013 .

[4]  Jalel Labidi,et al.  Pinch and exergy based thermosolar integration in a dairy process , 2013 .

[5]  Amulya K. N. Reddy,et al.  Barriers to improvements in energy efficiency , 1991 .

[6]  Ibrahim Dincer,et al.  A new model for thermodynamic analysis of a drying process , 2004 .

[7]  George Tsatsaronis,et al.  ON AVOIDABLE AND UNAVOIDABLE EXERGY DESTRUCTIONS AND INVESTMENT COSTS IN THERMAL SYSTEMS , 2002 .

[8]  Nilüfer Hilmioğlu,et al.  GREEN ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY Global Warming Engineering Solutions , 2010 .

[9]  M. Özilgen,et al.  Energy utilization, carbon dioxide emission, and exergy loss in flavored yogurt production process , 2012 .

[10]  Michael J. Moran,et al.  Availability analysis: A guide to efficient energy use , 1982 .

[11]  D Goran Vuckovic,et al.  AVOIDABLE AND UNAVOIDABLE EXERGY DESTRUCTION AND EXERGOECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE THERMAL PROCESSES IN A REAL INDUSTRIAL PLANT , 2012 .

[12]  Jiří J. Klemeš,et al.  Handbook of Process Integration (PI) , 2013 .

[13]  Tatiana Morosuk,et al.  Conventional and advanced exergetic analyses applied to a combined cycle power plant , 2012 .

[14]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  Exergoeconomic analysis of energy utilization of drying process in a ceramic production , 2014 .

[15]  Mortaza Aghbashlo,et al.  A review on exergy analysis of drying processes and systems , 2013 .

[16]  Z. Fonyó,et al.  SYNTHESIS OF HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS , 1982 .

[17]  Solange O. Kelly,et al.  Energy Systems Improvement based on Endogenous and Exogenous Exergy Destruction , 2008 .

[18]  Ernst Worrell,et al.  Energy efficiency opportunities in the U.S. dairy processing industry , 2014 .

[19]  Zafer Erbay,et al.  Energetic, Exergetic, and Exergoeconomic Analyses of Spray-Drying Process during White Cheese Powder Production , 2012 .

[20]  Martin Kumar Patel,et al.  From fluid milk to milk powder: Energy use and energy efficiency in the European dairy industry , 2006 .

[21]  Tatiana Morosuk,et al.  Environmental evaluation of a power plant using conventional and advanced exergy-based methods☆ , 2012 .

[22]  Tae-Jin Lee,et al.  Performance improvement of multiple-effect distiller with thermal vapor compression system by exergy analysis , 2005 .

[23]  G. Tsatsaronis,et al.  A new approach to the exergy analysis of absorption refrigeration machines , 2008 .

[24]  B. Linnhoff,et al.  The pinch design method for heat exchanger networks , 1983 .

[25]  A. Hepbasli,et al.  Exergy Analysis of Food Drying Processes , 2010 .

[26]  Zafer Erbay,et al.  Exergoeconomic performance assessment of a pilot-scale spray dryer using the specific exergy costing method , 2014 .

[27]  Z. Fang,et al.  Exergy Analysis of a Milk Processing System , 1995 .

[28]  Goran Vučković,et al.  Advanced exergy analysis and exergoeconomic performance evaluation of thermal processes in an existing industrial plant , 2014 .

[29]  Ignacio E. Grossmann,et al.  Simultaneous optimization models for heat integration—II. Heat exchanger network synthesis , 1990 .

[30]  R. Srinivasan,et al.  Enhancement of Energy Efficiency at an Indian Milk Processing Plant Using Exergy Analysis , 2018 .

[31]  B. Elmegaard,et al.  Conventional and advanced exergoenvironmental analysis of an ammonia-water hybridabsorption-compression heat pump , 2015 .

[32]  Dennis R. Heldman,et al.  Introduction to food engineering , 1984 .

[33]  Wei Yu,et al.  Can Exergy be a Useful Tool for the Dairy Industry , 2014 .

[34]  Martin John Atkins,et al.  Integrating heat recovery from milk powder spray dryer exhausts in the dairy industry , 2011 .

[35]  Brian Elmegaard,et al.  Process and Economic Optimisation of a Milk Processing Plant with Solar Thermal Energy , 2016 .

[36]  Marc A. Rosen,et al.  Does industry embrace exergy , 2002 .

[37]  G Tsatsaronis,et al.  Advanced thermodynamic (exergetic) analysis , 2012 .

[38]  Brent R. Young,et al.  Modelling of a milk powder falling film evaporator for predicting process trends and comparison of energy consumption , 2018 .

[39]  Willem van Gool,et al.  Exergy analysis of industrial processes , 1992 .

[40]  Russell McKenna,et al.  Industrial energy efficiency: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the thermodynamic, technical and economic constraints , 2009 .

[41]  Brian Elmegaard,et al.  Energy and Exergy Analyses of the Danish Industry Sector , 2016 .

[42]  François Maréchal,et al.  Heat pump integration in a cheese factory , 2011 .

[43]  Nurdan Yıldırım,et al.  Energy and exergy analysis of a milk powder production system , 2017 .

[44]  Arif Hepbasli,et al.  Performance evaluation of a triple‐effect evaporator with forward feed using exergy analysis , 2005 .

[45]  Jan Szargut,et al.  Chemical exergies of the elements , 1989 .

[46]  Jalel Labidi,et al.  Integration of a solar thermal system in a dairy process , 2011 .

[47]  H. Ettouney,et al.  Fundamentals of Salt Water Desalination , 2002 .

[48]  M. J. Moran,et al.  Thermal design and optimization , 1995 .