Predicting In-Flight Aircraft Icing Intensity

An in-flight icing intensity index is derived based on the time to accrete a fixed amount of ice at the stagnation point of an airfoil during flight. The index can be defined in terms of threshold liquid water contents, which can be calculated for a variety of airfoils at typical flight configurations. The thresholds depend on drop diameter. The index is compared with previous versions and interpreted in terms of in situ cloud liquid water and drop diameter measurements. Practical applications for detection and forecasting of icing conditions are discussed, and limitations of such an intensity index as a representation of icing severity are addressed

[1]  Marcia K. Politovich,et al.  Response of a Research Aircraft to Icing and Evaluation of Severity Indices , 1996 .

[2]  Li Li,et al.  Microwave radiometric technique to retrieve vapor, liquid and ice. II. Joint studies of radiometer and radar in winter clouds , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[3]  Alexander V. Ryzhkov,et al.  Cloud Microphysics Retrieval Using S-Band Dual-Polarization Radar Measurements , 1999 .

[4]  Guifu Zhang,et al.  An Assessment of Droplet Size and Liquid Water Content Derived from Dual-Wavelength Radar Measurements to the Application of Aircraft Icing Detection , 2001 .

[5]  Sergey Y. Matrosov,et al.  Evaluation of a 45° slant quasi-linear radar polarization state for distinguishing drizzle droplets, pristine ice crystals, and less regular ice particles , 2002 .

[6]  T. A. Bernstein,et al.  Aircraft Icing Conditions in Northeast Colorado , 2002 .

[7]  Wayne Sand,et al.  Icing Conditions Encountered by a Research Aircraft , 1984 .

[8]  Martin Decker,et al.  Ground-Based Detection of Aircraft Icing Conditions Using Microwave Radiometers , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[9]  Edward P. Lozowski,et al.  On the median volume diameter approximation for droplet collision efficiency , 1988 .

[10]  Ed R. Westwater,et al.  Radiometric profiling of temperature, water vapor and cloud liquid water using various inversion methods , 1998 .

[11]  B. Stankov,et al.  Remote Sensing Observations of Winter Aircraft Icing Conditions: A Case Study , 1994 .

[12]  Judith A. Curry,et al.  Liquid water content and precipitation characteristics of stratiform clouds as inferred from satellite microwave measurements , 1990 .

[13]  Brooks E. Martner,et al.  Retrieval of atmospheric liquid and ice characteristics using dual-wavelength radar observations , 1999, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[14]  Thomas P. Ratvasky,et al.  NASA/FAA/NCAR Supercooled Large Droplet Icing Flight Research: Summary of Winter 1996-1997 Flight Operations , 1998 .

[15]  D. Newton.  An Integrated Approach to the Problem of Aircraft Icing , 1978 .

[16]  W. Macklin.  The density and structure of ice formed by accretion , 1962 .

[17]  George A. Isaac,et al.  Characterizations of Aircraft Icing Environments that Include Supercooled Large Drops , 2001 .

[18]  Andrew L. Reehorst,et al.  Millimeter-Wave Radar Field Measurements and Inversion of Cloud Parameters for the 1999 Mt. Washington Icing Sensors Project , 2001 .

[19]  R. Jeck.  A workable, aircraft-specific icing severity scheme , 1998 .

[20]  Marcia K. Politovich,et al.  Predicting Glaze or Rime Ice Growth on Airfoils , 2000 .

[21]  Michael B. Bragg.  Effect of geometry on airfoil icing characteristics , 1984 .