An Overview on Lignocellulosic Fibers Ienforced Polymer Composite Materials

In polymer science lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials have appeared in a wide range area. The composite made from those varieties of materials are low density, low value, comparable certain properties, and most importantly they're environmental friendly. Although a number of the properties linked to composites generated from oil palm fibers and polymers (namely, those that are accessible through commerce) display aspects of commonality when compared to conventional synthetic fiber composites, such properties depend to a significant degree on the extent to which the fibers and matrix phase is compatible with the capacity to absorb moisture. Importantly, this emerges as a key concern and, moreover, disadvantages of Lignocellulosic fibers polymer composites and studies have suggested that it has a considerable impact on the composites’ physical and mechanical properties. The central aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of the extant research relating to Lignocellulosic fibers reinforced polymer composites, and particular attention will be directed towards the physical structure and constituent chemical components of Lignocellulosic fibers. [DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.20.1.04] Introduction Lignocellulosic materials are a natural, generous and renewable asset critical to how modern social orders work and basic to the advancement of a realistic global economy. As wood and paper products, they have become a significant part in the development of progress. Changes in the quality of the products and assembling ability are often affected by the absence of understanding the overpowering structures and the materials synthetic formations. Cellulose molecules are acquired through many micro-scale elementary extraction stages fiber bundles to nanofibrils from numerous lignocellulosic fibers. The plants cell wall remarkable microand macrostructure i.e., lignocellulosic materials, is the main influence for plants survival. Throughout the plant cells’ growth, multilayer cell wall is formed around their plasma membrane and the plant cells are protected against mechanical, chemical, and microbial stresses [1]. Lignocellulosic materials are mostly made up of cellulose (35–50%), hemicellulose (15– 35%), and lignin (10–35%). The concentration of the components stated is different from plant types. For instance, advanced lignin concentrations are detected in higher plants, whereas lower lignin exists in annual plants [2]. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin interact closely with each other in the cell wall. This show results in an exclusive threedimensional cell wall structure. The existence of OH groups in high number on the cellulose chain, polymer of glucose, makes this biopolymer vulnerable for strong hydrogen bonds formation. This finishes with high crystalline cellulose micro-fibrils formation in plant’s cell wall. Cellulose micro fibrils are bounded by hemicellulose (a heteropolymer of five and six carbon sugars) and lignin (a complex polymer of phenolic compounds). The high crystallinity of cellulose is critical to exhibit of a plant cell wall’s high mechanical strength. Lignin and hemicellulose act as the cellulose’s protector against microbial and chemical attacks. Moreover, the lignin’s hydrophobic nature safeguards plant cells against moisture loss and death due to drying. The lignocellulosic biomass, the photosynthetic reactions by plants direct product, is the richest renewable material in the world [3]. Adding reinforcement materials better the mechanical properties and decrease polymers cost. Being a small change in the processing parameters that could affect polymers properties, they can be personalized according to the application by controlling the processing parameters. This flexibility allows plastics to be the future’s engineering materials. It is clear that a procedure involving