Human movement such as walking or traveling in a wheelchair involves vertical movement. Previously, we developed a real ubiquitous round-the-clock 3D navigation system for pedestrian point-to-point navigation, in which position detection is driven mainly by dead reckoning with the help of RFID technology. A number of navigation systems have been developed for pedestrians, but few consider dynamic information. The newly proposed "Moudo-Cane" system extends the previously developed system [1] and provides more reliable and convenient guidance throughout the journey, even when GPS information is unavailable, in an attempt to not only provide a universally available navigation system, but also to provide assistance for visually impaired or wheelchair-bound users by taking their preferences into account.
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