Ultratough Co-Continuous PLA/PA11 by Interfacially Percolated Poly(ether-b-amide)

It will be shown that when polyether-b-amide (PEBA) is added to a PLA/PA11 blend, it tends toward the interface and results in a significant increase in the impact strength when all three phases are fully percolated. The addition of the elastomeric PEBA phase to the binary PLA/PA11 blend replaces a rigid PLA/PA11 interface with a much more deformable one. The further addition of PEO to PLA results in an ultratough material with an impact strength of ∼750 J/m, which is approximately 40 times greater than the original co-continuous PLA/PA11 blend. The tensile toughness and notched Izod impact strength are significantly influenced by the critical co-continuous composition region of the PLA/PA11 binary system and a minimum concentration to form a fully percolated PEBA layer at the co-continuous PLA/PA11 interface. The added PEO is also found to enhance the interfacial interactions and the chain mobility of PLA. The combined effects of co-continuity, strong interfacial interactions, a deformable interface, and...

[1]  Ted T. Tower,et al.  Lightweight micro-cellular plastics from polylactide/polyolefin hybrids , 2016 .

[2]  B. D. Favis,et al.  Assembling Conductive PEBA Copolymer at the Continuous Interface in Ternary Polymer Systems: Morphology and Resistivity , 2016 .

[3]  Deborah K. Schneiderman,et al.  Toughening Glassy Poly(lactide) with Block Copolymer Micelles. , 2016, ACS macro letters.

[4]  Q. Fu,et al.  Remarkably Enhanced Impact Toughness and Heat Resistance of poly(l-Lactide)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends by Constructing Stereocomplex Crystallites in the Matrix , 2016 .

[5]  Yongjin Li,et al.  PLLA/ABS Blends Compatibilized by Reactive Comb Polymers: Double Tg Depression and Significantly Improved Toughness , 2015 .

[6]  T. Peijs,et al.  Nanoparticle-induced co-continuity in immiscible polymer blends – A comparative study on bio-based PLA-PA11 blends filled with organoclay, sepiolite, and carbon nanotubes , 2014 .

[7]  P. Cinelli,et al.  Compatibilization and property enhancement of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blends through triacetin-mediated interchange reactions in the melt , 2014 .

[8]  Kunyu Zhang,et al.  Supertoughened renewable PLA reactive multiphase blends system: phase morphology and performance. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[9]  Darren J. Martin,et al.  Biorenewable blends of polyamide-11 and polylactide , 2014 .

[10]  S. Ravati,et al.  Interfacial coarsening of ternary polymer blends with partial and complete wetting structures , 2013 .

[11]  Chao-liang Zhang,et al.  Super toughening of the poly(L-lactide)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends by carbon nanotubes , 2013 .

[12]  S. Ray,et al.  Toughening of biodegradable polylactide/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) blends via in situ reactive compatibilization. , 2013, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[13]  Lijing Han,et al.  Effect of crystallization on microstructure and mechanical properties of poly[(ethylene oxide)-block-(amide-12)]-toughened poly(lactic acid) blend , 2013 .

[14]  H. Deng,et al.  Tailoring impact toughness of poly(L-lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLLA/PCL) blends by controlling crystallization of PLLA matrix. , 2012, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[15]  Megan L. Robertson,et al.  Tough blends of polylactide and castor oil. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[16]  Hongzhi Liu,et al.  Research progress in toughening modification of poly(lactic acid) , 2011 .

[17]  G. Stoclet,et al.  Morphology, thermal behavior and mechanical properties of binary blends of compatible biosourced polymers: Polylactide/polyamide11 , 2011 .

[18]  L. Ye,et al.  Structure and Property of Polylactide/Polyamide Blends , 2010 .

[19]  Takashi Inoue,et al.  Structure-properties of super-tough PLA alloy with excellent heat resistance , 2010 .

[20]  Hongzhi Liu,et al.  Super Toughened Poly(lactic acid) Ternary Blends by Simultaneous Dynamic Vulcanization and Interfacial Compatibilization , 2010 .

[21]  Megan L. Robertson,et al.  Reactive Compatibilization of Poly(l-lactide) and Conjugated Soybean Oil , 2010 .

[22]  C. Bucknall,et al.  Notched impact behavior of polymer blends: Part 1: New model for particle size dependence , 2009 .

[23]  F. Berzin,et al.  Morphologies and properties of plasticized starch/polyamide compatibilized blends , 2009 .

[24]  A. Müller,et al.  Molecular Mobilities in Biodegradable Poly(dl-lactide)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends , 2009 .

[25]  Yongjin Li,et al.  Improvement in toughness of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) through reactive blending with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS): Morphology and properties , 2009 .

[26]  H. Oyama.  Super-tough poly(lactic acid) materials : Reactive blending with ethylene copolymer , 2009 .

[27]  Y. Mai,et al.  Facile Method of Preparing Supertough Polyamide 6 with Low Rubber Content , 2008 .

[28]  M. Yamaguchi,et al.  Structure and Properties for Biomass-Based Polyester Blends of PLA and PBS , 2008 .

[29]  W. Orts,et al.  Binary and ternary blends of polylactide, polycaprolactone and thermoplastic starch , 2008 .

[30]  K. Arakawa,et al.  Fracture micromechanisms of bioabsorbable PLLA/PCL polymer blends , 2007 .

[31]  Kunyu Zhang,et al.  Study of hydrogen-bonded blend of polylactide with biodegradable hyperbranched poly(ester amide) , 2007 .

[32]  Yongjin Li,et al.  Toughening of polylactide by melt blending with a biodegradable poly(ether)urethane elastomer. , 2007, Macromolecular bioscience.

[33]  N. Demarquette,et al.  Study of Morphologies of PMMA/PP/PS Ternary Blends , 2006 .

[34]  S. Bai,et al.  Polypropylene/polyamide 6/polyethylene–octene elastomer blends. Part 2: volume dilatation during plastic deformation under uniaxial tension , 2004 .

[35]  S. Bai,et al.  Microstructures and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 6/polyethelene-octene elastomer blends , 2004 .

[36]  S. Lim,et al.  Toughening of polylactide by melt blending with linear low‐density polyethylene , 2003 .

[37]  R. J. Gaymans,et al.  Co-continuous polycarbonate/ABS blends , 2002 .

[38]  Donald Garlotta,et al.  A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid) , 2001 .

[39]  Qingxin Zhang,et al.  Influence of Annealing on Structure of Nylon 11 , 2000 .

[40]  K. Gong,et al.  Toughening and strengthening of polypropylene using the rigid–rigid polymer toughening concept Part I. Morphology and mechanical property investigations , 2000 .

[41]  R. Willemse,et al.  Tensile moduli of co-continuous polymer blends , 1999 .

[42]  G. Hu,et al.  The role of interfacial modifier in toughening of nylon 6 with a core-shell toughener , 1999 .

[43]  V. Bondar,et al.  Gas sorption and characterization of poly(ether‐b‐amide) segmented block copolymers , 1999 .

[44]  I. Luzinov,et al.  Composition effect on the core–shell morphology and mechanical properties of ternary polystyrene/styrene–butadiene rubber/polyethylene blends , 1999 .

[45]  T. Vu-khanh,et al.  Impact fracture behavior of nylon-6/ABS blends , 1997 .

[46]  M. Vert,et al.  Present and Future of PLA Polymers , 1995 .

[47]  C. Nakafuku,et al.  Melting and Crystallization of Poly(L-lactic acid) and Poly(ethylene oxide) Binary Mixture , 1993 .

[48]  H. Meijer,et al.  The measurement of interfacial tension in polymer/polymer systems: The breaking thread method , 1990 .

[49]  V. H. Watkins,et al.  Effect of interfacial forces on polymer blend morphologies , 1988 .

[50]  N. Dintcheva,et al.  Heat‐Resistant Fully Bio‐Based Nanocomposite Blends Based on Poly(lactic acid) , 2014 .

[51]  Rudy Rulkens,et al.  Chemistry and Technology of Polyamides , 2012 .

[52]  G. Wilkes,et al.  Solid state structure–property behavior of semicrystalline poly(ether-block-amide) PEBAX® thermoplastic elastomers , 2003 .

[53]  D. Grijpma,et al.  High molecular weight poly(l-lactide) and poly(ethylene oxide) blends: thermal characterization and physical properties , 1996 .

[54]  C. Bucknall,et al.  A model for particle cavitation in rubber-toughened plastics , 1994, Journal of Materials Science.

[55]  D. R. Paul,et al.  Property and morphology relationships for ternary blends of polycarbonate, brittle polymers and an impact modifier , 1992 .

[56]  H. Mark,et al.  Principles of Plasticization , 1965 .