Comments on nitric oxide in children with asthma, low- dose oral immunotherapy for cow's milk allergy, and SARS- Cov- 2 testing in school children

on Papadopoulos and food Both teams extensive literature search of recent studies highlighting new and their in the clinical for your continuous suggest citing when the introductory of your as they extensively sum marize current knowledge. The first selected research article in this issue reports on the STOPPA trial, a study aiming at characterizing nitric oxide production in asthmatic children in relation to environmental and genetic factors. 3 The authors led by Anna Hedman used an original approach by recruiting a large sample of monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, looking into blood test results such as eosinophils and IgE levels in relation to genetic factors. They found that more than half of the total covariance between nitric oxide levels and asthma was due to genetically driven effects of the specific IgE levels, but not the blood eosinophils. They conclude by highlighting the clinical heterogeneity of exhaled nitric oxide levels in relation to specific IgE levels in asthmatic children. Asthma is a major focus of PAI, and recent studies of interest to the readers have reported on the clinical fol low- up in children suffering from asthma. 4- 6 The influence of the environment, even when considering seemingly unrelated variables such as diet and air pollution, has been closely studied. 7 The articles commented on here shed new light into the interaction between well- known inflammatory and sensitization markers present in asthmatic children.

[1]  K. Stiasny,et al.  Lessons from low seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in schoolchildren: A cross‐sectional study , 2021, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[2]  E. Prokopakis,et al.  New concepts in pediatric rhinitis , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[3]  H. Rothan,et al.  The potential threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[4]  M. Kabesch Shielding against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is not justified in children with severe asthma , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[5]  A. Hedman,et al.  Genetic effects of allergen‐specific IgE levels on exhaled nitric oxide in schoolchildren with asthma: The STOPPA twin study , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[6]  M. Kabesch,et al.  Symptoms and immunoglobulin development in hospital staff exposed to a SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[7]  M. Ebisawa,et al.  A randomized trial of oral immunotherapy for pediatric cow's milk‐induced anaphylaxis: Heated vs unheated milk , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[8]  Paolo Maria Matricardi,et al.  The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[9]  O. Kalayci,et al.  Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics – The 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI‐section on pediatrics , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[10]  Xiaoxia Lu,et al.  SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children – Understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[11]  M. Mäkelä,et al.  Predictive value of childhood airway hyper‐responsiveness to indirect stimuli: 10‐year longitudinal study , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[12]  Komei Ito,et al.  Changes in casein component‐specific antibody levels during oral immunotherapy for milk allergy , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[13]  A. Didier,et al.  Benefits of baked milk oral immunotherapy in French children with cow's milk allergy , 2020, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[14]  A. Lowe,et al.  Transient childhood wheeze is associated with less atopy in adolescence , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[15]  V. García-Larsen,et al.  The inflammatory potential of diet impacts the association between air pollution and childhood asthma , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[16]  S. Honjo,et al.  Effect of spirometry on exhaled nitric oxide values in asthmatic children , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[17]  K. Bønnelykke,et al.  Single and multiple time‐point allergic sensitization during childhood and risk of asthma by age 13 , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[18]  L. Ronfani,et al.  Early oral immunotherapy in infants with cow’s milk protein allergy , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[19]  M. Makela,et al.  Outcome of oral immunotherapy for persistent cow’s milk allergy from 11 years of experience in Finland , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[20]  I. Momas,et al.  Unsupervised trajectories of respiratory/allergic symptoms throughout childhood in the PARIS cohort , 2019, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[21]  M. Shaker,et al.  An update on food allergy , 2009, Current opinion in pediatrics.