Integrated QoS Control Mechanisms for Real-Time Multimedia Systems in Reservation-Based Networks

Preface With dramatic improvements in computing power, network bandwidth and video data compression techniques, there have been much advancements in distributed multimedia systems. The distributed multimedia system requires Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees in each entity within the system to perform effective and meaningful presentations. As a typical example, let us consider the distributed multimedia application, such as a teleconferencing or a live broadcast on the Internet, where video streams are coded by MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group) video coding algorithm. In such an application, the MPEG-2 video is transferred from the video server to a number of clients through networks. The received video stream is de-compressed and presented on a computer display or a monitor at the client. In order to provide users with the high quality video presentation, the video server should have a mechanism to encode and emit the requested video stream in a real–time fashion, and to communicate with clients interactively. The client must take care of the continuous and high–quality video presentation to users. The underlying transport network has to guarantee the network–level QoS; e.g., transfer delay, delay jitter and loss ratio. For the network–level QoS, the resource–reservation based protocols such as a CBR (Constant Bit Rate) service class in ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) can provide the hard (or deterministic) guarantee. In our study, the only assumption we make on the network is that it has a capability to guarantee the bandwidth to the client. Other resource reservation based protocols such as RSVP (Resource reSerVation Protocol) can also be employed in our study. We first propose the rate control method of MPEG-2 over the ATM CBR service class. It is intended to guarantee the QoS required by video applications on the pre-allocated bandwidth. The disadvantages of MPEG-2 Test Model 5 are resolved by introducing the bandwidth re-negotiation with the network. And user-oriented high quality video transfer can be guaranteed with this method. In the above study, some bandwidth is pre-allocated to the video session, which is reserved at the connection setup time by specifying PCR (Peak Cell Rate). However, in an actual situation, it is difficult to determine the bandwidth to reserve from the user's preference on perceived video quality. Then, we present a method of QoS mapping between user's preference on video quality and a required bandwidth to transport the video across the network. We first investigate i the mapping method from QoS parameters …

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