Upscaling of gross ecosystem production to the landscape scale using multi-temporal Landsat images, eddy covariance measurements and a footprint model

The authors announce an upscaling framework to produce landscape scale flux estimates for GPP. Generally speaking, this subject is relevant and should be interesting for the readers of Biogeosciences, since it would enhance our capabilities to make use of the growing eddy-covariance databases, and at the same time improve validation of remote sensing products, However, what the authors actually do is simply compare eddy-covariance fluxes with spatially distributed flux estimates based on Landsat data, using an Eulerian flux footprint model to connect both data sources. All elements in-

[1]  S. Running,et al.  Global Terrestrial Gross and Net Primary Productivity from the Earth Observing System , 2000 .

[2]  Corinna Rebmann,et al.  A combination of quality assessment tools for eddy covariance measurements with footprint modelling for the characterisation of complex sites , 2004 .

[3]  T. A. Black,et al.  Seasonal controls on interannual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of a near‐end‐of rotation Douglas‐fir stand in the Pacific Northwest, 1997–2006 , 2009 .

[4]  D. Baldocchi.  ‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems , 2008 .

[5]  Monique Y. Leclerc,et al.  How large must surface inhomogeneities be before they influence the convective boundary layer structure? A case study , 1995 .

[6]  Christopher B. Field,et al.  Biospheric Primary Production During an ENSO Transition , 2001, Science.

[7]  J. Heikkinen,et al.  Carbon balance in East European tundra , 2004 .

[8]  Maosheng Zhao,et al.  A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production , 2004 .

[9]  Guirui Yu,et al.  Seasonal variations of ecosystem apparent quantum yield (α) and maximum photosynthesis rate (Pmax) of different forest ecosystems in China , 2006 .

[10]  Natascha Kljun,et al.  Carbon, energy and water fluxes at mature and disturbed forest sites, Saskatchewan, Canada , 2006 .

[11]  Richard H. Waring,et al.  Measurements of gross and net ecosystem productivity and water vapour exchange of a Pinus ponderosa ecosystem, and an evaluation of two generalized models , 2000 .

[12]  D. Hollinger,et al.  MODELING GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF AN EVERGREEN NEEDLELEAF FOREST USING MODIS AND CLIMATE DATA , 2005 .

[13]  Nicholas C. Coops,et al.  Comparison of MODIS, eddy covariance determined and physiologically modelled gross primary production (GPP) in a Douglas-fir forest stand , 2007 .

[14]  J. Randerson,et al.  Global net primary production: Combining ecology and remote sensing , 1995 .

[15]  S. Wofsy,et al.  Factors controlling CO2 exchange on timescales from hourly to decadal at Harvard Forest , 2007 .

[16]  Xiaomin Sun,et al.  Soil moisture effect on the temperature dependence of ecosystem respiration in a subtropical Pinus plantation of southeastern China , 2006 .

[17]  W. Brutsaert,et al.  Microscale structural aspects of vegetation density variability , 2003 .

[18]  A. Bondeau,et al.  Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): analysis of differences in light absorption and light‐use efficiency , 1999 .

[19]  Fengting Yang,et al.  The ecosystem carbon accumulation after conversion of grasslands to pine plantations in subtropical red soil of South China , 2007 .

[20]  N. Gobron,et al.  Designing optimal spectral indices: A feasibility and proof of concept study , 1999 .

[21]  S. Wofsy,et al.  Factors Controlling Long- and Short-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric CO2 in a Mid-latitude Forest , 2001, Science.

[22]  S. Goward,et al.  Global Primary Production: A Remote Sensing Approach , 1995 .

[23]  N. Gobron,et al.  The MERIS Global Vegetation Index (MGVI): Description and preliminary application , 1999 .

[24]  J. Finnigan.  The footprint concept in complex terrain , 2004 .

[25]  J. Monteith.  SOLAR RADIATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS , 1972 .

[26]  Ü. Rannik,et al.  Flux footprints over complex terrain covered by heterogeneous forest , 2004 .

[27]  Hans Peter Schmid,et al.  Experimental design for flux measurements: matching scales of observations and fluxes , 1997 .

[28]  C. Tucker.  Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation , 1979 .

[29]  Jiyuan Liu,et al.  Characterization of forest types in Northeastern China, using multi-temporal SPOT-4 VEGETATION sensor data , 2002 .

[30]  Elizabeth M. Middleton,et al.  Regional mapping of gross light-use efficiency using MODIS spectral indices , 2008 .

[31]  T. A. Black,et al.  Assessing Tower Flux Footprint Climatology and Scaling Between Remotely Sensed and Eddy Covariance Measurements , 2009 .

[32]  E. Davidson,et al.  Satellite-based modeling of gross primary production in an evergreen needleleaf forest , 2004 .

[33]  John L. Monteith,et al.  The Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Crops , 1966, Experimental Agriculture.

[34]  A. Huete,et al.  Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices , 2002 .

[35]  K. Hibbard,et al.  A Global Terrestrial Monitoring Network Integrating Tower Fluxes, Flask Sampling, Ecosystem Modeling and EOS Satellite Data , 1999 .

[36]  Jehn-Yih Juang,et al.  Separating the effects of climate and vegetation on evapotranspiration along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern US , 2006 .

[37]  A. Huete,et al.  A comparison of vegetation indices over a global set of TM images for EOS-MODIS , 1997 .

[38]  Baozhang Chen,et al.  Modeling and Scaling Coupled Energy, Water, and Carbon Fluxes Based on Remote Sensing: An Application to Canada's Landmass , 2007 .

[39]  R. Dickinson,et al.  Evaluation of the Utility of Satellite-Based Vegetation Leaf Area Index Data for Climate Simulations , 2001 .

[40]  A. Grelle,et al.  Regional-scale CO 2 fluxes over central Sweden by a boundary layer budget method , 1999 .

[41]  N. Coops,et al.  Multi-Angle Remote Sensing of Forest Light Use Efficiency , 2007 .

[42]  Oliver Sonnentag,et al.  Leaf area index measurements at Fluxnet-Canada forest sites , 2006 .

[43]  Ü. Rannik,et al.  Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange , 2001 .

[44]  T. A. Black,et al.  A modeling approach for upscaling gross ecosystem production to the landscape scale using remote sensing data , 2008 .

[45]  E. Rastetter,et al.  Potential Net Primary Productivity in South America: Application of a Global Model. , 1991, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[46]  D. Baldocchi,et al.  CO2 fluxes over plant canopies and solar radiation: a review , 1995 .

[47]  Xiangming Xiao,et al.  Modeling gross primary production of alpine ecosystems in the Tibetan Plateau using MODIS images and climate data , 2007 .