My favourite molecule: Discovery of the nucleolar targeting signal

The discovery of the signal peptides that direct proteins to localize at the nucleolus is described here. The nucleolar targeting signal termed the NOS consists of clustered basic amino acids organized such that a portion also functions as the nuclear transporting signal. Although a NOS has been identified within the regulatory genes of human retroviruses, HTLV-I and HIV-I, signals of similar function in cellular proteins – such as heat shock proteins – may be induced through the configurational change of protein structure by heat or stress.

[1]  D. Capon,et al.  Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein , 1987, Cell.

[2]  J. Yodoi,et al.  Differential effects on expression of IL‐2 receptors (p55 and p70) by the HTLV‐I pX DNA , 1988, International journal of cancer.

[3]  M. Hatanaka,et al.  Processing of gag precursor polyprotein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I by virus-encoded protease , 1988, Journal of virology.

[4]  P. Luciw,et al.  Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product , 1987, Nature.

[5]  A. Tanaka,et al.  Expression of a provirus of human T cell leukaemia virus type I by DNA transfection. , 1987, The Journal of general virology.

[6]  M. Hatanaka.  Molecular approach to adult t‐cell leukemia , 1986, Hematological oncology.

[7]  M. Hatanaka,et al.  Effect of the recombinant vaccinia viruses that express HTLV‐I envelope gene on HTLV‐I infection. , 1987, The EMBO journal.

[8]  J. Steitz,et al.  A protein associated with small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles recognizes the 3′ splice site of premessenger RNA , 1986, Cell.

[9]  B. Cullen,et al.  Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. , 1987, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  Michael B. Mathews,et al.  Transcriptional but not translational regulation of HIV-1 by the tat gene product , 1988, Nature.

[11]  H. Gendelman,et al.  Productive, persistent infection of human colorectal cell lines with human immunodeficiency virus , 1987, Journal of virology.

[12]  M. Feinberg,et al.  HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA , 1986, Cell.

[13]  J. Sodroski,et al.  Post-transcriptional regulation accounts for the trans-activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III , 1986, Nature.

[14]  M. Maki,et al.  Functional similarity of HIV-I rev and HTLV-I rex proteins: identification of a new nucleolar-targeting signal in rev protein. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[15]  G. Blobel,et al.  70K heat shock related proteins stimulate protein translocation into microsomes , 1988, Nature.

[16]  Bryan R. Cullen,et al.  Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism , 1986, Cell.

[17]  T. Maruyama,et al.  Effects and virulences of recombinant vaccinia viruses derived from attenuated strains that express the human T-cell leukemia virus type I envelope gene , 1988, Journal of virology.

[18]  C. Lehner,et al.  Major nucleolar proteins shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm , 1989, Cell.

[19]  P. Luciw,et al.  Elevated levels of mRNA can account for the trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus. , 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[20]  M. Hatanaka,et al.  Identification of a protease gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and its structural comparison. , 1986, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.