Regulation of the Human Topoisomerase IIα Gene Promoter in Confluence-arrested Cells*

Expression of DNA topoisomerase IIα mRNA and protein reflects the proliferative state of mammalian cell lines and tissues with high levels in actively cycling cells but marked down-regulation during serum deprivation or cell density-induced growth arrest. Using stably integrated gene fusions comprising the human topoisomerase IIα promoter with a growth hormone reporter gene, we have localized elements required for the differential activity of the topoisomerase IIα promoter in proliferating and confluence-arrested cells. Deletion analysis localized the region of the promoter that responded to changes in the cellular growth state to between −101 and −144 base pairs. Mutation analysis identified an inverted CCAAT box (ICB) located at −108 to −104 as necessary for promoter down-regulation in confluence-arrested cells, while several other potential cis-acting elements, including four additional ICBs, were shown not to be required. The critical ICB was recognized in vitro by the CCAAT box binding factor, NF-Y, with levels of binding activity higher in extracts from proliferating cells than from confluence-arrested cells. We conclude that the differential regulation of topoisomerase IIα gene expression in cycling and confluence-arrested cells is mediated, at least in part, through proliferation-specific binding of factors to an ICB element in the gene promoter.

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