LLC Revisit: Scene Classification with k-Farthest Neighbours

SUMMARY This paper introduces a simple but e ff ective way to boost the performance of scene classification through a novel approach to the LLC coding process. In our proposed method, a local descriptor is encoded not only with k -nearest visual words but also with k -farthest visual words to produce more discriminative code. Since the proposed method is a simple modification of the image classification model, it can be easily integrated into various existing BoF models proposed in various areas, such as coding, pooling, to boost their scene classification performance. The results of experiments conducted with three scene datasets: 15-Scenes, MIT-Indoor67, and Sun367 show that adding k -farthest visual words better enhances scene classification performance than increasing the number of k -nearest visual words.