EQUIL 93: a tool for experimental and clinical urolithiasis

An extensively updated version of the EQUIL software is described. The former version, designated EQUIL2, is widely used to study urolithiasis and related areas of biomineralization. In this report, we discuss recent enhancements which give EQUIL93 an expanded scope of application. This program has been frequently used in studies of the physicochemical processes underlying stone salt crystallization, especially crystal growth and nucleation, but it has also been employed as an aid for in vivo research and as an evaluator of therapeutic measures. We illustrate several new applications, including some outside the urologic realm, and we discuss how the enhanced software can be helpful in stone risk assessments.

[1]  D. Purich,et al.  Strong inference in mechanistic urolithiasis: a tribute to Birdwell Finlayson's biophysical contributions. , 1991, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[2]  E. Verwey,et al.  Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids. , 1955, The Journal of physical and colloid chemistry.

[3]  D. Bergel.  Geigy Scientific Tables , 1991 .

[4]  P. C. Hiemenz,et al.  Principles of colloid and surface chemistry , 1977 .

[5]  P. Curreri,et al.  An electrophoretic study of calcium oxalate monohydrate , 1979 .

[6]  R. Bertholf,et al.  Ionized calcium buffering in the transfused anhepatic patient: Ab initio calculations of calcium ion concentrations. , 1992, Annals of clinical and laboratory science.

[7]  J. Burns,et al.  A proposal for a standard reference artificial urine in in vitro urolithiasis experiments. , 1980, Investigative urology.

[8]  D. D. Perrin,et al.  Stability constants of metal-ion complexes , 1979 .

[9]  C. Skurla,et al.  Graphic display of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. , 1985, The Journal of urology.

[10]  Charles M. Brown,et al.  Nucleation of calcium oxalate monohydrate: use of turbidity measurements and computer-assisted simulations in characterizing early events in crystal formation☆ , 1991 .

[11]  J. Mullin,et al.  The effect of temperature on the precipitation of calcium oxalate , 1982 .

[12]  C. Furlani.  Stability constants of metal-ion complexes , 1965 .

[13]  K. Kohri.  [Pathogenesis of urolithiasis]. , 1994, Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology.

[14]  H. Auterhoff.  Stability constants of metal‐ion complexes. Von L. G. Sillén (Inorganic Ligands) und A. E. Martell (Organic Ligands). 754 Seiten. Herausgegeben von The Chemical Society, London 1964. Preis $ 23,— , 1965 .

[15]  R. M. Izatt,et al.  Handbook of metal ligand heats and related thermodynamic quantities , 1970 .

[16]  B. Finlayson,et al.  Urine ion equilibria. A numerical approach demonstrated by application to antistone therapy. , 1969, Investigative urology.

[17]  D. Purich,et al.  Use of the computer program EQUIL to estimate pH in model solutions and human urine , 2004, Urological Research.

[18]  D. Grahame.  The electrical double layer and the theory of electrocapillarity. , 1947, Chemical reviews.

[19]  Charles M. Brown,et al.  EQUIL2: a BASIC computer program for the calculation of urinary saturation. , 1985, The Journal of urology.

[20]  M. Peacock,et al.  [Pathogenesis of urolithiasis]. , 1984, Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology.

[21]  Michael J. Bernstein.  Prevention and treatment of kidney stones. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[22]  Arthur E. Martell,et al.  Stability constants of metal-ion complexes , 1964 .