Hardware trojan design and detection: a practical evaluation

Hardware Trojan design and detection have been extensively studied during the last years. In this work we investigate non-invasive detection methods utilizing so-called side-channel analysis. In the past, almost all proposed detection techniques have been evaluated based on simulations only and thus, the question remains how well they perform in practice. Therefore, we perform a practical evaluation of two previously published Trojan detection methods based on principal component analysis. We evaluate those methods on various designs of a complete functional lightweight hardware Trojan embedded in a PRESENT block cipher circuit. More precisely, we investigate how well the simulations match our practical results and reveal some shortcomings. Subsequently, we introduce a new detection method exploiting statistical properties of the probability distribution functions built from side-channel measurements and show that it is more robust to measurement noise than previously presented methods.

[1]  Yiorgos Makris,et al.  Hardware Trojans in Wireless Cryptographic ICs , 2010, IEEE Design & Test of Computers.

[2]  Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor,et al.  An Experimental Analysis of Power and Delay Signal-to-Noise Requirements for Detecting Trojans and Methods for Achieving the Required Detection Sensitivities , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[3]  J. G. Gander,et al.  An introduction to signal detection and estimation , 1990 .

[4]  Keinosuke Fukunaga,et al.  Introduction to statistical pattern recognition (2nd ed.) , 1990 .

[5]  Jim Plusquellic.  Abstract 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Taxonomy 2.1 Trojan Physical Characteristics Taxonomy of Trojans for Ic Trust , .

[6]  Yiorgos Makris,et al.  Hardware Trojan detection using path delay fingerprint , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust.

[7]  Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor,et al.  Detecting malicious inclusions in secure hardware: Challenges and solutions , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust.

[8]  Farinaz Koushanfar,et al.  Post-silicon timing characterization by compressed sensing , 2008, 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.

[9]  Yiorgos Makris,et al.  Experiences in Hardware Trojan design and implementation , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust.

[10]  Farinaz Koushanfar,et al.  A Survey of Hardware Trojan Taxonomy and Detection , 2010, IEEE Design & Test of Computers.

[11]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Hardware Trojan horse benchmark via optimal creation and placement of malicious circuitry , 2012, DAC Design Automation Conference 2012.

[12]  Swarup Bhunia,et al.  Sequential hardware Trojan: Side-channel aware design and placement , 2011, 2011 IEEE 29th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD).

[13]  Stefan Mangard,et al.  Pinpointing the Side-Channel Leakage of Masked AES Hardware Implementations , 2006, CHES.

[14]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation , 1994, Springer Texts in Electrical Engineering.

[15]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  An introduction to signal detection and estimation (2nd ed.) , 1994 .

[16]  Jonathon Shlens,et al.  A Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis , 2014, ArXiv.

[17]  William N. Venables,et al.  Modern Applied Statistics with S , 2010 .

[18]  Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor,et al.  Hardware Trojan Horses , 2010, Towards Hardware-Intrinsic Security.

[19]  Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor,et al.  Hardware Trojan Detection and Isolation Using Current Integration and Localized Current Analysis , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance of VLSI Systems.

[20]  Christos A. Papachristou,et al.  MERO: A Statistical Approach for Hardware Trojan Detection , 2009, CHES.

[21]  Pavel Pudil,et al.  Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition , 2006 .

[22]  Jie Li,et al.  At-speed delay characterization for IC authentication and Trojan Horse detection , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust.

[23]  Andrey Bogdanov,et al.  PRESENT: An Ultra-Lightweight Block Cipher , 2007, CHES.

[24]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Gate Characterization Using Singular Value Decomposition: Foundations and Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[25]  Berk Sunar,et al.  Trojan Detection using IC Fingerprinting , 2007, 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP '07).

[26]  Mark Mohammad Tehranipoor,et al.  Power supply signal calibration techniques for improving detection resolution to hardware Trojans , 2008, 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design.