Energiedichte der Nahrung: Welche Rolle spielen Kohlenhydrate?

Die Energiedichte der Nahrung wird entscheidend vom Fett- und Wassergehalt bestimmt. Kohlenhydrate tragen vor allem in Mischungen mit Fett in Lebensmitteln zu einer hoheren Energiedichte bei, insbesondere wenn gleichzeitig der Wassergehalt niedrig ist. Eine hohere Energiedichte der Nahrung wird vom Korper nicht als solche wahrgenommen und durch Verringerung der Verzehrmenge nur unzureichend kompensiert. Eine hohere Energiedichte und ein hoherer Fettgehalt von Lebensmitteln fuhren haufig zu hoherer Schmackhaftigkeit, gleichzeitig aber zu einem geringeren Sattigungsgefuhl. Mahlzeiten/Lebensmittel mit niedriger Energiedichte sind dagegen eher kohlenhydratbetont, haben deshalb und auf Grund des grosseren Volumens einen besseren Sattigungseffekt, sind aber oft weniger attraktiv im Geschmack. Eine Nahrung mit niedriger Energiedichte kann die Energiebilanz besser kontrollieren, da Energiedefizite besser kompensiert werden als Energieuberschusse, und k Gewichtskontrolle erleichtern. Kohlenhydrate, insbesondere Zucker, tragen im Allgemeinen wenig zur Energiedichte bei, konnen nur begrenzt gespeichert werden und werden bei vollen Kohlenhydratspeichern bevorzugt verbrannt. Sie fordern indirekt die Fettspeicherung durch Hemmung der Fettverbrennung. Der bevorzugte Verzehr von Lebensmitteln hoher Energiedichte, die reichlich Fett aber auch Kohlenhydrate enthalten, kann daher die Energiebilanz vergleichsweise unbemerkt positiv werden lassen und ein Risiko fur die Entstehung von Ubergewicht darstellenThe energy density of the diet is predominantly determined by the content of fat and water. Carbohydrates contribute to the energy density especially when they occur in mixtures with fat and when concomitantly the water content of a food is low. The human body does not recognise an increase in energy density of the diet and compensates insufficiently by reducing the intake of food. Both a high-energy density and a high fat content often result in a higher palatability and at the same time in less satiation. Meals or foods with a low-energy density, on the contrary, tend to be dominated by carbohydrates, to increase satiety because of the higher volume, but are quite often less pleasant. A diet with a low-energy density allows better control of the energy balance, because deficits in energy tend to be better compensated than energy excesses. Therefore, weight control may be facilitated. Carbohydrates, especially sugars, contribute as a rule little to energy density. Their storage capacity is restricted and they are preferentially oxidised when stores are replete. They promote indirectly the storage of fat by inhibiting fat oxidation. Preferential consumption of high-energy density foods, which are rich in fat but which also provide carbohydrates can relatively inadvertently result in a positive energy balance and can constitute a risk for overweight.

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