Chapter 3 - An introduction to biological sequence analysis

This chapter introduces biological sequence analysis. Sequences arise in biological research because of the polymeric nature of the major biological macromolecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. The fundamental processes of molecular biology involves the capturing of the human genetic code in long molecules of DNA, which are packaged in the cell nucleus in the chromosomes. DNA is composed of a long chain of subunits—the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine (abbreviated A, G, C, and T respectively). DNA is usually found in the form of two paired chains, held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary pairs of nucleotides. A on one strand always pairs with T on the other, and similarly for G and C. Most of the important structural and functional components of a human cell are composed of proteins, which are long, folded chains composed of the 20 common amino acids, or peptides.

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