Finite element analysis of cyclist lower limb response in car—bicycle accident

Abstract Based on an experimental configuration (lateral impact, flexion angle of the knee: 90°, car velocity 32 km/h), a car—bicycle impact was simulated using a complete finite element model of the lower limb previously validated in various impact conditions. This lower limb was coupled with the upper body of a rigid hybrid III dummy. Models of a car front and a bicycle were added to simulate the global environment of the car—bicycle impact. The simulation was performed with Radioss. A car—bicycle impact test was used for the model validation by comparing global kinematics and recorded data (accelerations). Moreover, the description of numerical joint movements brought insight into injury mechanisms. The injury analysis was quantified by stress levels on the bone structures and by strain for knee ligaments. The simulation was extended by modifying the car velocity, cause of the greatest variation in predicted injury mechanisms.

[1]  R Madro,et al.  Ankle joint injuries as a reconstruction parameter in car-to-pedestrian accidents. , 2001, Forensic science international.

[2]  W R Haight,et al.  TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING BICYCLES AND AUTOMOBILES. IN: ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION: HUMAN, VEHICLE AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. SAE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS & EXPOSITION, DETROIT MICHIGAN, 1990 , 1990 .

[3]  D Otte.  Injury mechanism and crash kinematic of cyclists in accidents - an analysis of real accidents , 1989 .

[4]  Koji Mizuno,et al.  Comparative analysis of vehicle-bicyclist and vehicle-pedestrian accidents in Japan. , 2003, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[5]  Thierry Serre,et al.  Detailed investigation and reconstructions of real accidents involving vulnerable road users , 2005 .

[6]  L Thollon,et al.  Pedestrian Lower Limb Injury Criteria Evaluation: A Finite Element Approach , 2005, Traffic injury prevention.

[7]  R Madro,et al.  Knee joint injuries as a reconstructive factors in car-to-pedestrian accidents. , 2001, Forensic science international.

[8]  François Bermond,et al.  SHEARING AND BENDING HUMAN KNEE JOINT TESTS IN QUASI-STATIC LATERAL LOAD , 1995 .

[9]  E. G. Janssen,et al.  Experimental and Mathematical Car-Bicycle Collision Simulations , 1988 .

[11]  H Summala,et al.  Attention and expectation problems in bicycle-car collisions: an in-depth study. , 1998, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[12]  E. Tanaka,et al.  Finite Element Analysis of Knee Injury Risks in Car-to-Pedestrian Impacts , 2003, Traffic injury prevention.

[13]  Janusz Kajzer,et al.  Response of the knee joint in lateral impact: effect of bending moment , 1993 .

[14]  L Thollon,et al.  A Human Model for Road Safety: From Geometrical Acquisition to Model Validation with Radioss , 2003, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[15]  Christophe Perrin,et al.  Comparison of Several Methods for Real Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction , 2005 .

[16]  B Mclundie.  ADAPTATION OF A PEDESTRIAN FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR USE IN SIMULATING TWO-WHEELED RIDER-TO-CAR ACCIDENT SCENARIOS , 2002 .

[17]  J. Kennedy,et al.  The anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament. As determined by clinical and morphological studies. , 1974, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[18]  P J Schuster,et al.  Development and validation of a pedestrian lower limb non-linear 3-d finite element model. , 2000, Stapp car crash journal.

[19]  W. Petersen,et al.  [Anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament]. , 2002, Der Orthopade.

[20]  Tetsuo Maki,et al.  The behavior of bicyclists in accidents with cars , 2000 .

[21]  Janusz Kajzer,et al.  Response of the knee joint in lateral impact: effect of shearing loads , 1990 .

[22]  W R Haight,et al.  Pedestrian Involved Traffic Collision Reconstruction Methodology , 1992 .

[23]  Jason R. Kerrigan,et al.  Experiments for establishing pedestrian-impact lower limb injury criteria , 2003 .

[24]  Pierre-Jean Arnoux,et al.  HUMAN INJURY EVALUATION USING HUMOS RADIOSS FINITE ELEMENT MODEL , 2002 .

[25]  J. J. W. Huijbers.  A description of bicycle and mopedrider accidents aimed to indicate priorities for injury prevention research , 1984 .

[26]  Junji Hasegawa,et al.  DEVELOPMENT OF A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE TOTAL HUMAN MODEL FOR SAFETY (THUMS) AND APPLICATION TO CAR-PEDESTRIAN IMPACTS , 2001 .

[27]  Seppo Olkkonen.  THE IMPACT SITES OF CAR FRONTS FOR FATAL INJURIES OF PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS, ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN ACCIDENTS IN FINLAND IN 1998-1999 , 2002 .

[28]  Yasuhiro Matsui,et al.  Shearing and bending effects at the knee joint at high speed lateral loading , 1997 .

[29]  Grzegorz Teresiński,et al.  Evidential value of injuries useful for reconstruction of the pedestrian-vehicle location at the moment of collision. , 2002, Forensic Science International.

[30]  Bahram Ravani,et al.  Pedestrian post-impact kinematics and injury patterns , 1981 .

[31]  A. Zwi,et al.  Road traffic injuries in developing countries: a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies , 1997, Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH.

[32]  Lars Binderup Larsen,et al.  Epidemiology of bicyclist’s injuries , 1991 .

[33]  Cezary Rzymkowski,et al.  Development and Validation of a Mathematical Breakable Leg Model , 1993 .

[34]  J C Stutts,et al.  Motor vehicle and roadway factors in pedestrian and bicyclist injuries: an examination based on emergency department data. , 1999, Accident; analysis and prevention.