Effect of accurate and inaccurate distance feedback on performance markers and pacing strategies during running

This study assessed the effect of distance feedback on athletic performance, physiological and perceptual markers and the pacing strategies utilized during treadmill exercise. Thirteen men completed four self‐paced 6 km treadmill time trials with either accurate, inaccurate or no distance feedback (NF). Inaccurate time trials involved participants receiving premature (PF) or delayed (DF) feedback, before or following the completion of each kilometer. The provision of accurate or inaccurate distance feedback (PF, DF) did not moderate the completion time or the rate of change in the ratings of perceived exertion (P>0.05). However, completion times were significantly slower when exercising with no distance feedback (P<0.001). Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake () and running velocity all increased during the conditions (P<0.001). A significantly lower (up to 7%) and HR (up to 6%) were observed during NF. This study has demonstrated that athletic performance and perceptual and physiological responses are unaffected by inaccurate distance feedback. However, the study indicates that individuals may exercise at a lower metabolic intensity when running without distance feedback.

[1]  E. Papadopoulou,et al.  Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[2]  R Hugh Morton,et al.  Deception by manipulating the clock calibration influences cycle ergometer endurance time in males. , 2009, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[3]  R. Tucker.  The anticipatory regulation of performance: the physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[4]  A. Edwards,et al.  Self-paced exercise is less physically challenging than enforced constant pace exercise of the same intensity: influence of complex central metabolic control , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[5]  Andrew M. Jones,et al.  Influence of feedback and prior experience on pacing during a 4-km cycle time trial. , 2009, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[6]  Jos J. deKoning,et al.  Pattern of developing the performance template , 2009, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[7]  Ross Tucker,et al.  An analysis of pacing strategies during men's world-record performances in track athletics. , 2006, International journal of sports physiology and performance.

[8]  Carl Foster,et al.  Pacing strategy and the occurrence of fatigue in 4000-m cycling time trials. , 2006, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[9]  T D Noakes,et al.  Effect of anticipation during unknown or unexpected exercise duration on rating of perceived exertion, affect, and physiological function , 2005, British Journal of Sports Medicine.

[10]  T. Noakes,et al.  Deception and Perceived Exertion during High-Intensity Running Bouts , 2004, Perceptual and motor skills.

[11]  Denise Baden,et al.  Am I Nearly There? The Effect of Anticipated Running Distance on Perceived Exertion and Attentional Focus , 2004 .

[12]  T. Noakes,et al.  Linear relationship between the perception of effort and the duration of constant load exercise that remains. , 2004, Journal of applied physiology.

[13]  Greg Atkinson,et al.  The effects of changing pace on metabolism and stroke characteristics during high-speed breaststroke swimming , 2004, Journal of sports sciences.

[14]  W G Hopkins,et al.  Variability of competitive performance of distance runners. , 2001, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[15]  J A Hawley,et al.  Pacing strategy in simulated cycle time-trials is based on perceived rather than actual distance. , 2001, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[16]  M F Bobbert,et al.  Determination of optimal pacing strategy in track cycling with an energy flow model. , 1999, Journal of science and medicine in sport.

[17]  E. Heath.  Borg's Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales , 1998 .

[18]  D. Swain,et al.  Physiological effects of constant versus variable power during endurance cycling. , 1998, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[19]  J. Doust,et al.  A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running. , 1996, Journal of sports sciences.

[20]  Nancy N. Thompson,et al.  Pacing Strategy and Athletic Performance , 1994, Sports medicine.

[21]  R. Mead,et al.  The Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles for Practical Applications. , 1989 .

[22]  G S Krahenbuhl,et al.  Factors Affecting Running Economy , 1989, Sports medicine.

[23]  J. F. Catalano.  End-Spurt following Simple Repetitive Muscular Movement , 1974, Perceptual and motor skills.

[24]  Ian B Stewart,et al.  Spontaneous pacing during overground hill running. , 2010, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[25]  Chris R Abbiss,et al.  Describing and Understanding Pacing Strategies during Athletic Competition , 2008, Sports medicine.

[26]  Ross Tucker,et al.  The Role of Information Processing Between the Brain and Peripheral Physiological Systems in Pacing and Perception of Effort , 2006, Sports medicine.

[27]  Ross Tucker,et al.  Psychobiology and Behavioral Strategies Effect of Distance Feedback on Pacing Strategy and Perceived Exertion during Cycling , 2005 .

[28]  T D Noakes,et al.  Experimental evaluation of the power balance model of speed skating. , 2005, Journal of applied physiology.

[29]  A. Lees,et al.  The effect of even, positive and negative pacing on metabolic, kinematic and temporal variables during breaststroke swimming , 2002, European Journal of Applied Physiology.