Layered Architecture for Mobility Models – LEMMA

We introduce a generic layered architecture that can be used to construct a wide variety of mobility models, including the majority of models used in wireless network simulations. Each mobility model is divided in five distinct layers that communicate via interfaces, thus allowing their easy replacement and recombination. We review 18 layers that can form 304 different mobility models. Additionally, we discuss how to aggregate some of the layers into new ones, and how to define hybrid and group mobility models. Numerous studies performed in various research fields (e.g. traffic engineering, crowd dynamics) turned out to be directly applicable to the different layers, which further supports the pertinence of our proposition.

[1]  Stephen S. Rappaport,et al.  Traffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[2]  Chunming Qiao,et al.  Sociological orbit aware location approximation and routing (SOLAR) in MANET , 2007, Ad Hoc Networks.

[3]  Chunming Qiao,et al.  ORBIT Mobility Framework and Orbit Based Routing (OBR) Protocol for MANET , 2004 .

[4]  Tracy Camp,et al.  MANET simulation studies: the incredibles , 2005, MOCO.

[5]  Imrich Chlamtac,et al.  A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM) , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[6]  Birgitta König-Ries,et al.  Activity-Based User Modeling in Service-Oriented Ad-Hoc-Networks , 2004, WONS.

[7]  Amit Kumar Saha,et al.  Modeling mobility for vehicular ad-hoc networks , 2004, VANET '04.

[8]  Jean-Yves Le Boudec,et al.  The Random Trip Model: Stability, Stationary Regime, and Perfect Simulation , 2006, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[9]  Erica D. Kuligowski Review of 28 Egress Models , 2005 .

[10]  Jonghyun Kim,et al.  A Survey-Based Mobilty Model of People for Simulation of Urban Mesh Networks , 2005 .

[11]  Reginald G. Golledge,et al.  Path Selection and Route Preference in Human Navigation: A Progress Report , 1995, COSIT.

[12]  Jörg Hähner,et al.  A meta-model and framework for user mobility in mobile networks , 2003, The 11th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2003. ICON2003..

[13]  Jean-Yves Le Boudec,et al.  Self organized terminode routing simulation , 2001, MSWIM '01.

[14]  Pedro José Marrón,et al.  Experimental construction of a meeting model for smart office environments , 2005 .

[15]  Davie F. Kotz,et al.  Evaluating mobility predictors in wireless networks for improving handoff and opportunistic routing , 2008 .

[16]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  IMPORTANT: a framework to systematically analyze the Impact of Mobility on Performance of Routing Protocols for Adhoc Networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[17]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  LeZi-update: an information-theoretic approach to track mobile users in PCS networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[18]  Dijiang Huang Using Delaunay triangulation to construct obstacle detour mobility model , 2005, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005.

[19]  David A. Maltz,et al.  Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1994, Mobidata.

[20]  Illya Stepanov Integrating realistic mobility models in mobile ad hoc network simulation , 2002 .

[21]  Mingyan Liu,et al.  Building realistic mobility models from coarse-grained traces , 2006, MobiSys '06.

[22]  Matthias Frank,et al.  Human mobility in MANET disaster area simulation - a realistic approach , 2004, 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[23]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  Weighted waypoint mobility model and its impact on ad hoc networks , 2005, MOCO.

[24]  Chunming Qiao,et al.  On profiling mobility and predicting locations of wireless users , 2006, REALMAN '06.

[25]  Bartosz Mielczarek,et al.  Scenario-based performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[26]  T. Abrahamsson,et al.  IR-98-021 / May Estimation of Origin-Destination Matrices Using Traffic Counts – A Literature Survey , 1998 .

[27]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  Smooth is better than sharp: a random mobility model for simulation of wireless networks , 2001, MSWIM '01.

[28]  Christian Bettstetter,et al.  Mobility modeling in wireless networks: categorization, smooth movement, and border effects , 2001, MOCO.

[29]  Kevin C. Almeroth,et al.  Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[30]  R. Jiang,et al.  Full velocity difference model for a car-following theory. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[31]  Thomas R. Gross,et al.  A mobility model based on WLAN traces and its validation , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[32]  Jörg Hähner,et al.  Graph-based mobility model for mobile ad hoc network simulation , 2002, Proceedings 35th Annual Simulation Symposium. SS 2002.

[33]  Chunming Qiao,et al.  Sociological orbit aware location approximation and routing in MANET , 2005, 2nd International Conference on Broadband Networks, 2005..

[34]  Thomas Kunz,et al.  Activity-based mobility modeling: realistic evaluation of location management schemes for cellular networks , 1999, WCNC. 1999 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (Cat. No.99TH8466).

[35]  Helbing,et al.  Congested traffic states in empirical observations and microscopic simulations , 2000, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[36]  Paul Kemppi,et al.  User Distribution and Mobility Model Framework for Cellular Network Simulations , 2002 .

[37]  Stephen S. Rappaport,et al.  Traffic Model and Performance Analysis for Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone Systems with Prioritized and Nonprioritized Handoff Procedures - Version 2a , 2000 .

[38]  Tong Liu,et al.  Mobility modeling, location tracking, and trajectory prediction in wireless ATM networks , 1998, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[39]  Pedro José Marrón,et al.  Mobility modeling of outdoor scenarios for MANETs , 2005, 38th Annual Simulation Symposium.

[40]  K. Axhausen,et al.  Activity‐based approaches to travel analysis: conceptual frameworks, models, and research problems , 1992 .

[41]  Xiaoyan Hong,et al.  A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks , 1999, MSWiM '99.

[42]  Viswanath Tolety,et al.  Load Reduction in Ad Hoc Networks Using Mobile Servers , 1999 .