E-CARe : une méthode d'ingénierie des systèmes d'information ubiquitaires. (E-CARe : a method for ubiquitous Information Systems Engineering)

L'apparition des Systemes d'Information ubiquitaires ou pervasifs est issue de l'emergence de nouvelles technologies fournissant au systeme une vision de son environnement, de l'environnement de ses utilisateurs ainsi que de leurs profils. Grâce a ces donnees formant le contexte de l'application, il est possible de fournir des services personnalises, pertinents et cibles. Mais, le probleme qui se pose a ce niveau concerne le degre d'adaptation, de prise de decision a la place de l'utilisateur et de l'identification des donnees contextuelles necessaires et suffisantes pour ces services. Ceci est du a un desequilibre entre les avancees des technologies et de leurs applications (qui recoivent un grand interet de la part de la recherche et de l'industrie) et les methodes et demarches de developpement et d'ingenierie specifiques aux systemes ubiquitaires. Notre objectif dans ce travail de these est de proposer une methode d'ingenierie des SI ubiquitaires en considerant les differentes exigences reliees a la nature mobile et grande echelle de ces systemes. Cette methode est basee sur une demarche de developpement qui fait usage d'un ensemble de metamodeles et de langages generiques favorisant la specification complete de ces systemes. Cette demarche separe les specifications fonctionnelles, techniques et ubiquitaires. Les specifications ubiquitaires permettent de definir des modeles structurels et evenementiels du contexte respectant les exigences des utilisateurs et les contraintes de securite et supportant les fonctionnalites d'adaptation et de sensibilite au contexte. Cette approche orientee evenements est consolidee par l'adoption d'une architecture de traitement des evenements. Notre demarche E-CARe est une integration des specifications ubiquitaires dans une demarche classique de conception des SI pour garantir la couverture des specifications fonctionnelles et techniques. Les applications d'assistance representent un cas d'etude ideal pour cette demarche qui s'interesse au domaine des transports, fortement dependant de l'environnement et des evenements ambiants.

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