Affective disorders in five United States communities

Synopsis Results on the age/sex specific prevalence of DSM-III affective disorders from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA), a probability sample of over 18000 adults from five United States communities, are presented. The cross-site means for bipolar disorder ranged from 0·7/100 (2 weeks) to 1–2/100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 21 years and no sex difference in rates. The cross-site means for major depression ranged from 1·5/100 (2 weeks) to 4·4/ 100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 27 years and higher rates in women. The cross-site means for dysthymia, a chronic condition, was 3·1/100 with a higher rate in women. There was reasonable consistency in prevalence rates among sites. The implications of these findings for understanding psychopathology are discussed.

[1]  J. Fleiss,et al.  Quantification of agreement in psychiatric diagnosis revisited. , 1987, Archives of general psychiatry.

[2]  IN Teens,et al.  MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS , 1986, The Lancet.

[3]  S. Torgersen.  Genetic factors in moderately severe and mild affective disorders. , 1986, Archives of general psychiatry.

[4]  P. Surtees,et al.  Affective Disorder amongst Women in the General Population: A Longitudinal Study , 1986, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[5]  W. Eaton,et al.  Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry , 2012 .

[6]  L. Robins.  Epidemiology: reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[7]  M. Woodbury,et al.  Psychiatric Disorders: A Rural/Urban Comparison , 1985 .

[8]  A. Farmer,et al.  A comparison of clinical and diagnostic interview schedule diagnoses. Physician reexamination of lay-interviewed cases in the general population. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[9]  D von Zerssen,et al.  A comparison of two diagnostic methods. Clinical ICD diagnoses vs DSM-III and Research Diagnostic Criteria using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (version 2). , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[10]  M. Folstein,et al.  Comparison of the lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a standardized psychiatric diagnosis. Experience in eastern Baltimore. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[11]  E. Spitznagel,et al.  A proposed solution to the base rate problem in the kappa statistic. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[12]  G. Klerman.  Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in epidemiologic field studies. , 1985, Archives of general psychiatry.

[13]  E. Spitznagel,et al.  3 – Sampling: The Institutional Survey , 1985 .

[14]  Max A. Woodbury,et al.  16 – Parameter and Variance Estimation , 1985 .

[15]  L. George,et al.  5 – Nonresponse and Nonresponse Bias in the ECA Surveys , 1985 .

[16]  M M Weissman,et al.  Lifetime prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in three sites. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[17]  D. Blazer,et al.  The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Historical context, major objectives, and study population characteristics. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[18]  M M Weissman,et al.  Six-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities 1980 to 1982. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[19]  L G Kessler,et al.  The design of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys. The control and measurement of error. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[20]  K. Kidd,et al.  Psychiatric disorders in the relatives of probands with affective disorders. The Yale University--National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study. , 1984, Archives of general psychiatry.

[21]  E. Uhlenhuth,et al.  Symptom checklist syndromes in the general population. Correlations with psychotherapeutic drug use. , 1983, Archives of general psychiatry.

[22]  P. Surtees,et al.  Comparison of Research Diagnostic Systems in an Edinburgh Community Sample , 1983, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[23]  J. Nurnberger,et al.  A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. , 1982, Archives of general psychiatry.

[24]  M. Keller,et al.  "Double depression": superimposition of acute depressive episodes on chronic depressive disorders. , 1982, The American journal of psychiatry.

[25]  R. Hirschfeld,et al.  Epidemiology of affective disorders. , 1982, Archives of general psychiatry.

[26]  M. Weissman,et al.  Epidemiology of affective disorders. A reexamination and future directions. , 1981, Archives of general psychiatry.

[27]  H. Akiskal.  Subaffective disorders: dysthymic, cyclothymic and bipolar II disorders in the "borderline" realm. , 1981, The Psychiatric clinics of North America.

[28]  L. Robins,et al.  National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. , 1981, Archives of general psychiatry.

[29]  J. Murphy.  Continuities in community-based psychiatric epidemiology. , 1980, Archives of General Psychiatry.

[30]  G. Winokur.  Is there a common genetic factor in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder? , 1980, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[31]  B. Prusoff,et al.  Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatients , 1980 .

[32]  D. Blazer,et al.  Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population. , 1980, The American journal of psychiatry.

[33]  D. Dunner.  Unipolar and Bipolar Depression: Recent Findings from Clinical and Biologic Studies , 1980 .

[34]  B. Prusoff,et al.  Chronic mood disorders in depressed outpatient--diagnosis and response to pharmacotherapy. , 1980, Journal of affective disorders.

[35]  A. Loranger,et al.  Age at onset of bipolar affective illness. , 1978, Archives of general psychiatry.

[36]  M. Weissman,et al.  Affective disorders in a US urban community: the use of research diagnostic criteria in an epidemiological survey. , 1978, Archives of general psychiatry.

[37]  M. Weissman,et al.  Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. , 1977, Archives of general psychiatry.

[38]  J. Fleiss,et al.  The course of development of mania in patients with recurrent depression. , 1976, The American journal of psychiatry.

[39]  M. Weissman,et al.  Follow-up of depressed women after maintenance treatment. , 1976, The American journal of psychiatry.

[40]  Gary G. Koch,et al.  Strategies in the Multivariate Analysis of Data from Complex Surveys , 1975 .

[41]  Virginia M. Lance.  A PROPOSED SOLUTION , 1964 .