Everolimus-eluting stents in interventional cardiology

Bare metal stents have a proven safety record, but limited long-term efficacy due to in-stent restenosis. First-generation drug-eluting stents successfully countered the restenosis rate, but were hampered by concerns about their long-term safety. Second generation drug-eluting stents have combined the low restenosis rate of the first generation with improved long-term safety. We review the evolution of drug-eluting stents with a focus on the safety, efficacy, and unique characteristics of everolimus-eluting stents.

[1]  R. Mehran,et al.  The XIENCE nano™ everolimus eluting coronary stent system for the treatment of small coronary arteries: The SPIRIT small vessel trial , 2012, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[2]  A. Humar,et al.  Sirolimus Conversion Regimen Versus Continued Calcineurin Inhibitors in Liver Allograft Recipients: A Randomized Trial , 2012, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[3]  田村 俊寛 Three-year outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in coronary bifurcation lesions : the provisional side-branch stenting approach versus the elective two-stent approach , 2012 .

[4]  Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai,et al.  Examination of the in vivo mechanisms of late drug-eluting stent thrombosis: findings from optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound imaging. , 2012, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[5]  V. Aragón,et al.  Comparison of zotarolimus‐ versus everolimus‐eluting stents in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions , 2011, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[6]  M. Jeong,et al.  Everolimus-eluting versus sirolimus-eluting stents in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: the EXCELLENT (Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting) randomized trial. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[7]  A. Kastrati,et al.  Is diabetes the achilles' heel of limus-eluting stents? , 2011, Circulation.

[8]  P. Serruys,et al.  Differential Clinical Responses to Everolimus-Eluting and Paclitaxel-Eluting Coronary Stents in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus , 2011, Circulation.

[9]  I. Seong,et al.  Randomized Comparison of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation for De Novo Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (ESSENCE-DIABETES): Results From the ESSENCE-DIABETES Trial , 2011, Circulation.

[10]  N. Marx,et al.  Everolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents for treatment of bare metal stent restenosis. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[11]  D. Cohen,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents in Clinical Practice , 2011, Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.

[12]  P. Smits,et al.  2-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of everolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary revascularization in daily practice. COMPARE (Comparison of the everolimus eluting XIENCE-V stent with the paclitaxel eluting TAXUS LIBERTÉ stent in all-comers: a randomized open label trial). , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[13]  Gregg W Stone,et al.  Randomized comparison of everolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents. 2-year follow-up from the SPIRIT (Clinical Evaluation of the XIENCE V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System) IV trial. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[14]  F. Eberli,et al.  Five-Year Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of a Randomized Comparison of Sirolimus-Eluting and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents: Results of the Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization LATE Trial , 2011, Circulation.

[15]  G. Parodi,et al.  Comparison of everolimus-eluting stent with paclitaxel-eluting stent in long chronic total occlusions. , 2011, The American journal of cardiology.

[16]  Gregg W Stone,et al.  A prospective, randomized evaluation of a novel everolimus-eluting coronary stent: the PLATINUM (a Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Trial to Assess an Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System [PROMUS Element] for the Treatment of Up to Two de Novo Coronary Artery Lesions) trial. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[17]  A. M. Leone,et al.  Prospective randomized comparison of sirolimus- or everolimus-eluting stent to treat bifurcated lesions by provisional approach. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[18]  Bernard Chevalier,et al.  Evaluation of the second generation of a bioresorbable everolimus-eluting vascular scaffold for the treatment of de novo coronary artery stenosis: 12-month clinical and imaging outcomes. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[19]  G. Stone,et al.  Side branch occlusion with everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents: three-year results from the SPIRIT III randomised trial. , 2010, EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[20]  M. Jeong,et al.  Comparison of zotarolimus-eluting stents with sirolimus- and paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary revascularization: the ZEST (comparison of the efficacy and safety of zotarolimus-eluting stent with sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stent for coronary lesions) randomized trial. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[21]  J. Moses,et al.  Improved late clinical safety with zotarolimus-eluting stents compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with de novo coronary lesions: 3-year follow-up from the ENDEAVOR IV (Randomized Comparison of Zotarolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease) trial. , 2010, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[22]  Volker Klauss,et al.  Comparison of zotarolimus-eluting and everolimus-eluting coronary stents. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[23]  Kamal Chitkara,et al.  Drug-eluting Stents in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Is There a Risk of Stent Thrombosis with Second-Generation Stents? , 2010, The European journal of cardiovascular medicine.

[24]  Gregg W Stone,et al.  Everolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in coronary artery disease. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[25]  H. Bøtker,et al.  Efficacy and safety of zotarolimus-eluting and sirolimus-eluting coronary stents in routine clinical care (SORT OUT III): a randomised controlled superiority trial , 2010, The Lancet.

[26]  P. Fitzgerald,et al.  A randomized comparison of the Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent versus the TAXUS paclitaxel-eluting stent in de novo native coronary lesions 12-month outcomes from the ENDEAVOR IV trial. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[27]  P. Smits,et al.  Second-generation everolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in real-life practice (COMPARE): a randomised trial , 2010, The Lancet.

[28]  B. Gersh,et al.  Paclitaxel-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in acute myocardial infarction. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  K. Anstrom,et al.  Long-term clinical and economic analysis of the Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent versus the cypher sirolimus-eluting stent: 3-year results from the ENDEAVOR III trial (Randomized Controlled Trial of the Medtronic Endeavor Drug [ABT-578] Eluting Coronary Stent System Versus the Cypher Sirolimus-Elu , 2009, JACC. Cardiovascular interventions.

[30]  P. Serruys,et al.  Two-year clinical, angiographic, and intravascular ultrasound follow-up of the XIENCE V everolimus-eluting stent in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary artery lesions: the SPIRIT II trial. , 2009, Circulation. Cardiovascular interventions.

[31]  P. Serruys,et al.  The everolimus-eluting stent in real-world patients: 6-month follow-up of the X-SEARCH (Xience V Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiac Hospital) registry. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[32]  Hong Wang,et al.  Five-year follow up after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation results of the SIRIUS (Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in De-Novo Native Coronary Lesions) Trial , 2009 .

[33]  C. Bode,et al.  Differences of platelet adhesion and thrombus activation on amorphous silicon carbide, magnesium alloy, stainless steel, and cobalt chromium stent surfaces , 2009, Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions.

[34]  G. Stone,et al.  Randomized Comparison of Everolimus-Eluting and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents: Two-Year Clinical Follow-Up From the Clinical Evaluation of the Xience V Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Patients With De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions (SPIRIT) III Trial , 2009, Circulation.

[35]  G. Parodi,et al.  Impact of complete revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention on survival in patients with at least one chronic total occlusion. , 2008, European heart journal.

[36]  M. Pfisterer,et al.  Drug eluting and bare metal stents in people with and without diabetes: collaborative network meta-analysis , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[37]  R. Virmani,et al.  Endothelial cell recovery between comparator polymer-based drug-eluting stents. , 2008, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[38]  P. Fitzgerald,et al.  Comparison of an everolimus-eluting stent and a paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. , 2008, JAMA.

[39]  G. Biondi-Zoccai,et al.  Next-generation drug-eluting stents in coronary artery disease: focus on everolimus-eluting stent (Xience V®) , 2008, Vascular health and risk management.

[40]  H. Bøtker,et al.  Comparison of paclitaxel- and sirolimus-eluting stents in everyday clinical practice: the SORT OUT II randomized trial. , 2008, JAMA.

[41]  Patrick W Serruys,et al.  Long-term clinical outcomes with sirolimus-eluting coronary stents: five-year results of the RAVEL trial. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[42]  Peter L Duffy,et al.  Comparative clinical outcomes of paclitaxel- and sirolimus-eluting stents: results from a large prospective multicenter registry--STENT Group. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[43]  D. Berman,et al.  Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[44]  Ralph D'Agostino,et al.  Stent thrombosis in randomized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[45]  Neville Kukreja,et al.  Early and late coronary stent thrombosis of sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents in routine clinical practice: data from a large two-institutional cohort study , 2007, The Lancet.

[46]  P. Fitzgerald,et al.  Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study of the Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Phosphorylcholine-Encapsulated Stent for Treatment of Native Coronary Artery Lesions: Clinical and Angiographic Results of the ENDEAVOR II Trial , 2006, Circulation.

[47]  Patrick Hunziker,et al.  Late clinical events after clopidogrel discontinuation may limit the benefit of drug-eluting stents: an observational study of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[48]  P. Fitzgerald,et al.  Comparison of zotarolimus-eluting and sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with native coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[49]  David O. Williams,et al.  Outcomes of 6906 Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Era of Drug-Eluting Stents: Report of the DEScover Registry , 2006, Circulation.

[50]  P. Serruys,et al.  A randomised comparison of an everolimus-eluting coronary stent with a paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent:the SPIRIT II trial. , 2006, EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[51]  E. Bramucci,et al.  Sirolimus-eluting versus uncoated stents in acute myocardial infarction. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  G. Davis,et al.  Myocardial infarction as a presentation of clinical in-stent restenosis. , 2006, Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society.

[53]  G. Stone,et al.  Cost effectiveness of paclitaxel-eluting stents for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization: results from the TAXUS-IV Trial. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[54]  Michael Joner,et al.  Pathology of drug-eluting stents in humans: delayed healing and late thrombotic risk. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[55]  P. Teirstein,et al.  Sirolimus-eluting stents vs vascular brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis within bare-metal stents: the SISR randomized trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[56]  G. Stone,et al.  Paclitaxel-eluting stents vs vascular brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis within bare-metal stents: the TAXUS V ISR randomized trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[57]  P. Serruys,et al.  Sirolimus- vs paclitaxel-eluting stents in de novo coronary artery lesions: the REALITY trial: a randomized controlled trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[58]  F. Eberli,et al.  Sirolimus-eluting and paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary revascularization. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[59]  Patrick W Serruys,et al.  Late angiographic stent thrombosis (LAST) events with drug-eluting stents. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[60]  Jan J Piek,et al.  A randomized comparison of a durable polymer Everolimus-eluting stent with a bare metal coronary stent: The SPIRIT first trial. , 2005, EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.

[61]  P. Serruys,et al.  Is bare-metal stenting superior to balloon angioplasty for small vessel coronary artery disease? Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized trials. , 2005, European heart journal.

[62]  Marco Valgimigli,et al.  The unrestricted use of paclitaxel- versus sirolimus-eluting stents for coronary artery disease in an unselected population: one-year results of the Taxus-Stent Evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (T-SEARCH) registry. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[63]  S. Chan,et al.  Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): a new approach to treating cancer , 2004, British Journal of Cancer.

[64]  P. Fitzgerald,et al.  Six- and Twelve-Month Results From First Human Experience Using Everolimus-Eluting Stents With Bioabsorbable Polymer , 2004, Circulation.

[65]  Giuseppe Musumeci,et al.  Localized Hypersensitivity and Late Coronary Thrombosis Secondary to a Sirolimus-Eluting Stent: Should We Be Cautious? , 2004, Circulation.

[66]  Patrick W Serruys,et al.  Unrestricted Utilization of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Compared With Conventional Bare Stent Implantation in the “Real World”: The R apamycin-E luting S tent E valuated A t R otterdam C ardiology H ospital (RESEARCH) Registry , 2004, Circulation.

[67]  G. Stone,et al.  A polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with coronary artery disease. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[68]  Jeffrey W Moses,et al.  Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[69]  S. Silber,et al.  Randomized Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Slow- and Moderate-Release Polymer-Based Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Artery Lesions , 2003, Circulation.

[70]  Mary E. Russell,et al.  TAXUS I: Six- and Twelve-Month Results From a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial on a Slow-Release Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent for De Novo Coronary Lesions , 2003, Circulation.

[71]  D. Baim,et al.  Clinical restenosis after coronary stenting: perspectives from multicenter clinical trials. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[72]  Ousa,et al.  A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF A SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT WITH A STANDARD STENT FOR CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION , 2002 .

[73]  Benno J. Rensing,et al.  Sustained Suppression of Neointimal Proliferation by Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: One-Year Angiographic and Intravascular Ultrasound Follow-Up , 2001, Circulation.

[74]  K. Teo,et al.  Primary stenting versus balloon angioplasty in occluded coronary arteries: the Total Occlusion Study of Canada (TOSCA). , 1999, Circulation.

[75]  S Marx,et al.  Inhibition of intimal thickening after balloon angioplasty in porcine coronary arteries by targeting regulators of the cell cycle. , 1999, Circulation.

[76]  A. Küttner,et al.  Paclitaxel inhibits arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo using local drug delivery. , 1997, Circulation.

[77]  Randomised-Intervention-Treatment-Angina -Trial-Participants Coronary angioplasty versus medical therapy for angina: The second randomised intervention treatment of angina (RITA-2) trial , 1997 .

[78]  W Rutsch,et al.  A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. Benestent Study Group. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[79]  P. Teirstein,et al.  A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Stent Restenosis Study Investigators. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[80]  S. Sehgal,et al.  Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing streptomycete and isolation of the active principle. , 1975, The Journal of antibiotics.

[81]  K. Bestehorn,et al.  Vascular Health and Risk Management , 2022 .