Recall as a self-limiting process

Presentation of only some category names as retrieval cues following presentation of a categorized list enhanced recall of the cued categories relative to free recall, but reduced recall of the noncued categories (Experiment 1). This recall interference from recall of cued categories increased with the number of category names presented (Experiment 2), and was not due merely to delaying the subject with an interfering interpolated task (Experiment 3). The results argue against theories assuming that categories are recalled via associations from previously recalled categories. Rather, the results suggest that recall of categories acts in a manner to limit recall of additional categories, in agreement with the characterization of recall as a sampling-with-replacement process as described by Rundus.

[1]  Henry L. Roediger,et al.  Inhibition from part-list cues and rate of recall. , 1977 .

[2]  N. J. Slamecka,et al.  The question of associative growth in the learning of categorized material , 1972 .

[3]  John R. Anderson.  Fran: A Simulation Model of Free Recall , 1972 .

[4]  Henry L. Roediger,et al.  Inhibition in recall from cueing with recall targets , 1973 .

[5]  Michael J. Watkins,et al.  Inhibition in recall with extralist "cues." , 1975 .

[6]  Richard M. Shiffrin,et al.  12 – Memory Search1 , 1970 .

[7]  R. G. Crowder.  Principles of learning and memory , 1977 .

[8]  H L Roediger,et al.  Inhibiting effects of recall , 1974, Memory & cognition.

[9]  G Mandler,et al.  Directionality and organizational procexsses in paired-associate learning. , 1967, Journal of experimental psychology.

[10]  A. Paivio,et al.  Concreteness, imagery, and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns. , 1968, Journal of experimental psychology.

[11]  Donald A. Norman,et al.  Models Of Human Memory , 1970 .

[12]  W. Montague,et al.  Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms , 1969 .

[13]  Wayne A. Wickelgren,et al.  Network Strength Theory of Storage and Retrieval Dynamics. , 1976 .

[14]  Karl P. Hunt,et al.  Category-item frequency and category-name meaningfulness (m'): Taxonomic norms for 84 categories. , 1971 .

[15]  R. E. Parker,et al.  Partial category cuing: The accessibility of categories. , 1974 .

[16]  A. W. Melton,et al.  Coding Processes in Human Memory. , 1973 .

[17]  N. J. Slamecka,et al.  Testing for associative storage in multitrial free recall. , 1969 .

[18]  Endel Tulving,et al.  Sources of intratrial interference in immediate recall of paired associates , 1963 .

[19]  Dewey Rundus,et al.  Negative effects of using list items as recall cues , 1973 .

[20]  J. Deese.  Influence of Inter-Item Associative Strength upon Immediate Free Recall , 1959 .

[21]  R. Hastie,et al.  Inhibition effects of intralist repetition in free recall , 1972 .

[22]  N. J. Slamecka,et al.  An examination of trace storage in free recall. , 1968, Journal of experimental psychology.

[23]  A. Smith,et al.  Output interference and organized recall from long-term memory , 1971 .

[24]  Tim Dong,et al.  Cued Partial Recall of Categorized Words. , 1972 .

[25]  John Brown,et al.  Reciprocal facilitation and impairment of free recall , 1968 .

[26]  W. A. Bousfield,et al.  The Effects of Reinforcement on the Occurrence of Clustering in the Recall of Randomly Arranged Associates , 1953 .

[27]  L. S. Reid,et al.  Output interference in long-term memory. , 1970 .

[28]  E. Tulving,et al.  Availability versus accessibility of information in memory for words , 1966 .