Touring Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Shaped-Beam Pattern Synthesis of Linear Antenna

An efficient search technique based on a touring ant colony optimization algorithm is presented for the shaped-beam pattern synthesis of a linear antenna array. The element excitations of equally spaced array and the element positions of uniformly excited array are determined to closely approximate the desired pattern. In the touring ant colony optimization algorithm, the frequency memory feature of tabu search is used. Illustrative examples of cosecant, flat-topped and pencil beam patterns are given to verify the validity and accuracy of the technique.

[1]  Wang Lei,et al.  Further example study on ant system algorithm based continuous space optimization , 2002, Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (Cat. No.02EX527).

[2]  Douglas H. Werner,et al.  Cosine pattern synthesis for single and multiple main beam uniformly spaced linear arrays , 1989 .

[3]  P. Woodward,et al.  The Theoretical Precision with which an Arbitrary Radiation-Pattern may be Obtained from a Source of Finite Size , 1948 .

[4]  E. Moreno,et al.  Design of phase‐differentiated multiple‐pattern antenna arrays , 2000 .

[5]  E. Moreno,et al.  Linear array pattern synthesis optimizing array element excitations using the simulated annealing technique , 1999 .

[6]  M. Er,et al.  A flexible array synthesis method using quadratic programming , 1993 .

[7]  Randy L. Haupt,et al.  Phase-only adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm , 1997 .

[8]  Kerim Guney,et al.  Shaped‐beam pattern synthesis of equally and unequally spaced linear antenna arrays using a modified tabu search algorithm , 2003 .

[9]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic , 1999 .

[10]  Giorgio Franceschetti,et al.  Intersection approach to array pattern synthesis , 1990 .

[11]  R. Haupt,et al.  Amplitude and Phase Adaptive Nulling With a Genetic Algorithm , 2000 .

[12]  Giorgio Franceschetti,et al.  Genetic algorithm procedure for linear array failure correction , 2000 .

[13]  Warren L. Stutzman,et al.  Synthesis of shaped-beam radiation patterns using the iterative sampling method , 1971 .

[14]  J. S. Bird,et al.  Synthesis of shaped radiation patterns using an iterative method , 1995 .

[15]  Jose Ricardo Descardeci,et al.  Tilt angle and side‐lobe level control of microwave array antennas , 2002 .

[16]  Luca Maria Gambardella,et al.  A Multiple Ant Colony System for Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows , 1999 .

[17]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Antenna‐array pattern nulling using a differential evolution algorithm , 2004 .

[18]  D. Willner,et al.  Antenna pattern synthesis using weighted least squares , 1992 .

[19]  Wen-Pin Liao,et al.  Array pattern synthesis with null steering using genetic algorithms by controlling only the current amplitudes , 1999 .

[20]  M. Dorigo,et al.  1 Positive Feedback as a Search Strategy , 1991 .

[21]  Y. Bo,et al.  Pattern synthesis for linear equal-spaced antenna array using an iterative eigenmodes method , 1988 .

[22]  Nurhan Karaboga,et al.  Null steering of linear antenna arrays with use of modified touring ant colony optimization algorithm , 2002 .

[23]  R. Elliott,et al.  Optimising the synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns , 1985 .

[24]  A. Akdagli,et al.  Pattern Nulling of Linear Antenna Arrays By Controlling Only the Element Positions With the Use of Improved Touring Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm , 2002 .

[25]  Shiwen Yang,et al.  Sideband suppression in time-modulated linear arrays by the differential evolution algorithm , 2002, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[26]  Kwai-Man Luk,et al.  Shaped‐beam pattern synthesis for base station antenna in mobile communication system , 2000 .

[27]  D.H. Werner,et al.  Particle swarm optimization versus genetic algorithms for phased array synthesis , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[28]  Vittorio Murino,et al.  Synthesis of unequally spaced arrays by simulated annealing , 1996, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[29]  A. Trucco,et al.  Thinning and weighting of large planar arrays by simulated annealing , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[30]  M. J. Buckley,et al.  Synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns using implicitly constrained current elements , 1996 .

[31]  Dervis Karaboga,et al.  Antenna array pattern nulling by controlling both amplitude and phase using modified touring ant colony optimization algorithm , 2004 .

[32]  K. Milne,et al.  Synthesis of power radiation patterns for linear array antennas , 1987 .

[33]  Fred W. Glover,et al.  Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence , 1986, Comput. Oper. Res..

[34]  S. Rengarajan,et al.  Genetic algorithms in the design and optimization of antenna array patterns , 1999 .

[35]  C. Christodoulou,et al.  Linear array geometry synthesis with minimum sidelobe level and null control using particle swarm optimization , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[36]  A. P. Anderson,et al.  Array pattern nulling by element position perturbations using a genetic algorithm , 1994 .

[37]  Krzysztof Socha,et al.  ACO for Continuous and Mixed-Variable Optimization , 2004, ANTS Workshop.

[38]  D. Marcano,et al.  Synthesis of antenna arrays using genetic algorithms , 2000 .

[39]  Robert S. Elliott,et al.  A new technique for shaped beam synthesis of equispaced arrays , 1984 .

[40]  B. P. Kumar,et al.  Design of unequally spaced arrays for performance improvement , 1999 .

[41]  M. Vicente-Lozano,et al.  Phase-only null fixing in equispaced linear arrays using roots searching , 1999 .