Predicting the Probability of Evacuation Congestion Occurrence Relating to Elapsed Time and Vertical Section in a High-rise Building

It is very important to predict human behavior in fire and to take measures for evacuation time however it is difficult to predict individual responses and dangerous to perform a field experiment. According to the Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers from the NIST, 2005, it took an average of 48 seconds for evacuees to descend to the floor below. It was more than twice the time it would ordinary take. The evacuees needed to be rescued more than once during their descent due to physical fatigue.