Open Science, Open Data, and Open Scholarship: European Policies to Make Science Fit for the Twenty-First Century

Open science will make science more efficient, reliable and responsive to societal challenges. The European Commission has sought to advance Open Science policy from its inception in a holistic and integrated way, covering all aspects of the research cycle from scientific discovery and review to sharing knowledge, publishing and outreach. We present the steps taken with a forward-looking perspective of the challenges laying ahead, in particular the necessary change of the rewards and incentives system for researchers (for which various actors are co-responsible and which goes beyond the mandate the European Commission). Finally, we discuss the promising role of Artificial Intelligence within an Open Science perspective.

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