Priority medicines for Europe and the world

World Health Organization — For the first time, EU countries have more people over 65 years of age than under 15 years of age. Echoing the trend seen in Europe, much of the rest of the world is moving in a similar direction. Priority medicines for Europe and the world 2013 update calls for pharmaceutical researchers to adjust their research and development efforts to account for this shifting demography.

[1]  N. Daniels,et al.  Limits to health care: fair procedures, democratic deliberation, and the legitimacy problem for insurers. , 1997, Philosophy & public affairs.

[2]  S. Preskorn,et al.  Clinically Relevant Pharmacology of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors , 1997, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[3]  D. Calfee,et al.  Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors. , 2003, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[4]  N. Terry,et al.  The Emergence of National Electronic Health Record Architectures in the United States and Australia: Models, Costs, and Questions , 2005, Journal of medical Internet research.

[5]  J. Ito,et al.  Drug Delivery to the Cochlea Using PLGA Nanoparticles , 2005, The Laryngoscope.

[6]  Sonja Marjanovic,et al.  Engaging biotechnology companies in the development of innovative solutions for diseases of poverty , 2004, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[7]  I. Blackburn,et al.  A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. , 1998, Journal of affective disorders.

[8]  N. Black,et al.  Patient determinants of mental health interventions in primary care. , 2000, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[9]  D. Cullum,et al.  Occupational low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration: epidemiology, imaging, and pathology. , 1994, The Clinical journal of pain.

[10]  D. Jolley,et al.  Cost benefits of a medically supervised day treatment program for patients with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia , 1989 .

[11]  J. Eyles,et al.  Deliberations about deliberative methods: issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes. , 2003, Social science & medicine.

[12]  K. Namkoong,et al.  Acamprosate in Korean alcohol-dependent patients: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. , 2003, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[13]  P. Tugwell,et al.  Electromagnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritis. , 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[14]  R S Koff,et al.  Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C and the Association with Alcoholic Liver Disease , 1995, Seminars in liver disease.

[15]  A. Williams,et al.  Calculating the global burden of disease: time for a strategic reappraisal? , 1999, Health economics.

[16]  R. Pauwels,et al.  GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION , 1996 .

[17]  J. Boote,et al.  What does it mean to involve consumers successfully in NHS research? A consensus study , 2004, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[18]  Jill Chopyak,et al.  Public participation in science and technology decision making: trends for the future , 2002 .

[19]  Z. Bhutta,et al.  How many child deaths can we prevent this year? , 2003, The Lancet.

[20]  Jeremiah Stamler,et al.  Blood Pressure, Systolic and Diastolic, and Cardiovascular Risks: US Population Data , 1993 .

[21]  M. Thase,et al.  Fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. , 1997, Archives of general psychiatry.

[22]  S. Wessely,et al.  A systematic review of controlled trials of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief psychological treatments for depression. , 2002, Health technology assessment.

[23]  J. Heyse,et al.  Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  J. Powles,et al.  Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease: a review. , 1997, International journal of epidemiology.

[25]  F. Shenfield.  Ethical issues in the genetic aspects of haemophilia , 2002, Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia.

[26]  John Pickup,et al.  Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion at 25 years: evidence base for the expanding use of insulin pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[27]  Paul Dieppe,et al.  Relation between agendas of the research community and the research consumer , 2000, The Lancet.

[28]  E. Damsgaard,et al.  Drug therapy in the elderly: what doctors believe and patients actually do. , 2001, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[29]  H. Chakraborty,et al.  Oral misoprostol in preventing postpartum haemorrhage in resource-poor communities: a randomised controlled trial , 2006, The Lancet.

[30]  M. Selby-Harrington,et al.  Identification and treatment of children's mental health problems by primary care providers: a critical review of research. , 1996, Archives of psychiatric nursing.

[31]  M. Luster,et al.  Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alfa attenuate hepatic necrosis and inflammation caused by chronic exposure to ethanol in the rat , 1997, Hepatology.

[32]  H. Eriksen,et al.  Does Early Intervention With a Light Mobilization Program Reduce Long-Term Sick Leave for Low Back Pain? , 2000, Spine.

[33]  Chiara Ruini,et al.  Treatment of Recurrent Depression , 2003, CNS drugs.

[34]  M. Hotopf,et al.  Depression in advanced disease: a systematic review - Part 1. Prevalence and case finding , 2002 .

[35]  J. Bongaarts.  United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division World Mortality Report 2005 , 2006 .

[36]  C Osmond,et al.  Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64. , 1991, BMJ.

[37]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  Carol Barker,et al.  Opening the debate on DALYs , 1996 .

[39]  Stephen H. D. Jackson,et al.  Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications. , 2003, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[40]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study , 2004, The Lancet.

[41]  J. Cox,et al.  Differences between perspectives of physicians and patients on anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: observational study. , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[42]  G. '. Jong.  Unlicensed and off-label drug use in children , 2002 .

[43]  C. Horsfield,et al.  Efficacy of the Combination Rifampin-Streptomycin in Preventing Growth of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Early Lesions of Buruli Ulcer in Humans , 2005, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[44]  M Tubiana,et al.  Measuring progress against cancer in Europe: has the 15% decline targeted for 2000 come about? , 2003, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[45]  N. Lapointe,et al.  Dried blood spots collected on filter paper: an international resource for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1. , 1996, Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

[46]  M. Gracey.  Child health in an urbanizing world , 2002, Acta paediatrica.

[47]  Kay W Chang,et al.  Prevention of Cisplatin Ototoxicity Using Transtympanic N-Acetylcysteine and Lactate , 2004, Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.

[48]  J. Boote,et al.  Consumer involvement in health research: a review and research agenda. , 2002, Health policy.

[49]  K. Alberti.  Treating type 2 diabetes – today's targets, tomorrow's goals , 2001, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism.

[50]  Elias Mossialos,et al.  Affordably priced new drugs for poor populations: Approaches for a global solution. , 2001, The International journal of risk & safety in medicine.

[51]  R Day,et al.  Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[52]  B. Popkin,et al.  Obesity and inequities in health in the developing world , 2004, International Journal of Obesity.

[53]  J R Hodges,et al.  The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia , 2002, Neurology.

[54]  S. Anand,et al.  Disability-adjusted life years: a critical review. , 1997, Journal of health economics.

[55]  M. Pallansch,et al.  Outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in Oman: evidence for widespread transmission among fully vaccinated children , 1991, The Lancet.

[56]  Yudong D. He,et al.  Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer , 2002, Nature.

[57]  D. Kay,et al.  Clinically diagnosed presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type in the Northern Health Region: ascertainment, prevalence, incidence and survival , 1993, Psychological Medicine.

[58]  L. Manchikanti.  Epidemiology of low back pain. , 2000, Pain physician.

[59]  E. Vardas,et al.  Isolation of measles virus from a naturally-immune, asymptomatically re-infected individual. , 1999, Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology.

[60]  K. R. Chapman,et al.  Epidemiology and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[61]  B. Wilcken,et al.  Screening newborns for inborn errors of metabolism by tandem mass spectrometry. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[62]  S. Deeks,et al.  Treatment of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 infection , 2003, The Lancet.

[63]  M. Weinstein,et al.  Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. , 2002, JAMA.

[64]  D. Elbourne,et al.  The Bristol third stage trial: active versus physiological management of third stage of labour. , 1988, BMJ.

[65]  Marc Fisher,et al.  The Ischemic Penumbra: Identification, Evolution and Treatment Concepts , 2003, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[66]  Jean-Louis Martin,et al.  Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction Final Report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study , 1999 .

[67]  B. Reiss,et al.  The prevalence of dementia as measured by the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination , 1989, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[68]  A Hofman,et al.  The prevalence of dementia in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980-1990 findings. Eurodem Prevalence Research Group. , 1991, International journal of epidemiology.

[69]  R. Segal,et al.  A pharmacoeconomic analysis of IV H2-receptor antagonist use in 40 hospitals. , 1994, Hospital formulary.

[70]  S. Patten,et al.  Long-Term Medical Conditions and Major Depression: Strength of Association for Specific Conditions in the General Population , 2005, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[71]  B. Davis,et al.  ALLHAT: Setting the Record Straight , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[72]  M. Moses,et al.  Two decades of orphan product development , 2002, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[73]  R. Anton,et al.  Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of outpatient alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. , 1999, The American journal of psychiatry.

[74]  B. Greenwood.  The epidemiology of malaria. , 1997, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[75]  W. Hennink,et al.  Shifting paradigms: biopharmaceuticals versus low molecular weight drugs. , 2003, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[76]  D. Elbourne,et al.  Active versus expectant management in third stage of labour (Cochrane Review) , 2002 .

[77]  Suellen Miller,et al.  Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: new advances for low-resource settings. , 2004, Journal of midwifery & women's health.

[78]  M K Campbell,et al.  Systematic review of the long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity and implications for health improvement. , 2004, Health technology assessment.

[79]  K. Lohr,et al.  Discontinuation rates for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other second-generation antidepressants in outpatients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2005, International clinical psychopharmacology.

[80]  Stephane Jacobzone,et al.  Pharmaceutical Policies in OECD Countries , 2000 .

[81]  K. Wilson,et al.  Antidepressants for depressed elderly. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[82]  V. Entwistle,et al.  Consumer involvement in decisions about what health-related research is funded. , 2004, Health policy.

[83]  P. Morlat,et al.  Liver disease as a major cause of death among HIV infected patients: role of hepatitis C and B viruses and alcohol. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[84]  J. Neuberger,et al.  Assessing priorities for allocation of donor liver grafts: survey of public and clinicians , 1998, BMJ.

[85]  N. Bellamy,et al.  Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[86]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  The utility of DALYs for public health policy and research: a reply. , 1997, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[87]  J. Breman,et al.  The intolerable burden of malaria: a new look at the numbers. , 2001, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[88]  Diederick E Grobbee,et al.  Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: association with education. The Rotterdam study , 1995, BMJ.

[89]  M. Thase.  Comparing the methods used to compare antidepressants. , 2002, Psychopharmacology bulletin.

[90]  Helen Lapsley,et al.  Utilising survey data to inform public policy: Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of ten mental disorders , 2004, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[91]  R. Foy,et al.  Perspectives of commissioners and cancer specialists in prioritising new cancer drugs: impact of the evidence threshold , 1999, BMJ.

[92]  Ronald C Kessler,et al.  Effects of major depression on moment-in-time work performance. , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[93]  R. W. Hansen,et al.  The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. , 2003, Journal of health economics.

[94]  A Ogunniyi,et al.  Incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease in 2 communities: Yoruba residing in Ibadan, Nigeria, and African Americans residing in Indianapolis, Indiana. , 2001, JAMA.

[95]  J A Buckwalter,et al.  Aging and degeneration of the human intervertebral disc. , 1995, Spine.

[96]  M. Felisi,et al.  Medicines for children licensed by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[97]  J. Jordan,et al.  Comparison of 16S rRNA Gene PCR and BACTEC 9240 for Detection of Neonatal Bacteremia , 2000, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[98]  Alastair Baker,et al.  Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[99]  Oscar L. Lopez,et al.  Survival following dementia onset: Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia , 2005, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[100]  N. Sacktor.  The epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurological disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. , 2002, Journal of neurovirology.

[101]  G. Mooney,et al.  "Communitarian claims" as an ethical basis for allocating health care resources. , 1998, Social science & medicine.

[102]  D. Aarsland,et al.  A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinson's disease , 2005, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[103]  M. Weinstein,et al.  The projected health benefits of maternal group B streptococcal vaccination in the era of chemoprophylaxis. , 2005, Vaccine.

[104]  E. Berndt,et al.  The Clinical and Occupational Correlates of Work Productivity Loss Among Employed Patients With Depression , 2004, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[105]  H. An,et al.  Prevention of disc degeneration with growth factors , 2006, European Spine Journal.

[106]  T. Morata.  Assessing occupational hearing loss: beyond noise exposures. , 1998, Scandinavian audiology. Supplementum.

[107]  R. Nitsch,et al.  Biochemical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid ratio of phosphorylated tau protein to beta-amyloid peptide42. , 2003, Archives of neurology.

[108]  R. Birrer.  Depression and aging too often do mix. , 1998, Postgraduate medicine.

[109]  H. Vuorela,et al.  Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain With the COX-2–Selective Anti-Inflammatory Drug Nimesulide: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind Comparative Trial Versus Ibuprofen , 2000, Spine.

[110]  Xiao-Hua Zhou,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of improving primary care treatment of late-life depression. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[111]  J. Bensing,et al.  Bridging the gap. The separate worlds of evidence-based medicine and patient-centered medicine. , 2000, Patient education and counseling.

[112]  K. Wells,et al.  Improving the care for depression in patients with comorbid medical illness. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[113]  K Yaffe,et al.  Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life , 2005, Neurology.

[114]  A. Svennerholm,et al.  Double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled pilot study evaluating efficacy and reactogenicity of an oral ETEC B-subunit-inactivated whole cell vaccine against travelers' diarrhea (preliminary report). , 2006, Journal of travel medicine.

[115]  J. Britton,et al.  High-dose inhaled albuterol in severe chronic airflow limitation. , 1988, The American review of respiratory disease.

[116]  E. Bonifacio,et al.  Autoantibody appearance and risk for development of childhood diabetes in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes: the 2-year analysis of the German BABYDIAB Study. , 1999, Diabetes.

[117]  Jeffrey Jarvik,et al.  Diagnostic Evaluation of Low Back Pain with Emphasis on Imaging , 2002, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[118]  L S Honig,et al.  Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease , 2005, Neurology.

[119]  S. T. Yoon,et al.  Molecular therapy of the intervertebral disc. , 2005, European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society.

[120]  A. Hofman,et al.  Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. , 2000, Neurology.

[121]  Abdullah Pandor,et al.  Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of neonatal screening for inborn errors of metabolism using tandem mass spectrometry: a systematic review , 2004 .

[122]  M. Rewers,et al.  Comparison of the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood among five Baltic populations during 1983-1988. , 1992, International journal of epidemiology.

[123]  R. Ruben.  Redefining the Survival of the Fittest: Communication Disorders in the 21st Century , 2000, The Laryngoscope.

[124]  C. Dollery.  Pharmacological basis for combination therapy of hypertension. , 1977 .

[125]  J. Vioque,et al.  Time spent watching television, sleep duration and obesity in adults living in Valencia, Spain , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[126]  G. Hofmeyr,et al.  Rectal misoprostol in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a placebo-controlled trial. , 1998, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[127]  S. Cummings,et al.  Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures , 1996, The Lancet.

[128]  Bernadette Modell,et al.  March of Dimes: global report on birth defects, the hidden toll of dying and disabled children. , 2005 .

[129]  A. D. de Craen,et al.  Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review , 1996, BMJ.

[130]  J. Samet.  The health benefits of smoking cessation. , 1991, The Medical clinics of North America.

[131]  B. Rounsaville,et al.  Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. A controlled study. , 1992, Archives of general psychiatry.

[132]  D. Henry,et al.  Comparing treatments , 1995, BMJ.

[133]  A. Mattioli,et al.  Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[134]  E. Rönmark,et al.  The costs of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). , 2002, Respiratory medicine.

[135]  R Martorell,et al.  Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group. , 1999, The Journal of pediatrics.

[136]  Ozgur Yorbik,et al.  Clinical characteristics of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[137]  N. Khaltaev,et al.  Low back pain initiative , 1999 .

[138]  K. Whetten-Goldstein,et al.  Hospital pharmacy decisions, cost containment, and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis. , 1997, Social science & medicine.

[139]  R. Stewart,et al.  A 32-year prospective study of change in body weight and incident dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. , 2005, Archives of neurology.

[140]  M. Donaldson,et al.  Setting Priorities for Health Technology Assessment , 1992 .

[141]  R. Cooke,et al.  Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis. , 2004, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[142]  Benedetto Vitiello,et al.  Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. , 2004, JAMA.

[143]  J. Potash,et al.  Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. , 1991, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[144]  A. Rush,et al.  ECT Remission Rates in Psychotic Versus Nonpsychotic Depressed Patients: A Report from CORE , 2001, The journal of ECT.

[145]  J. Urquhart,et al.  Controlled drug delivery: therapeutic and pharmacological aspects , 2000 .

[146]  Peter Beresford,et al.  User involvement in research: Exploring the challenges , 2003 .

[147]  G. Livingston,et al.  Islington study of dementia subtypes in the community. , 2002, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[148]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  Regional patterns of disability-free life expectancy and disability-adjusted life expectancy: Global Burden of Disease Study , 1997, The Lancet.

[149]  A. Tylee,et al.  Managing depression in primary care , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[150]  S. Croft,et al.  Leishmaniasis--current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs. , 2003, Trends in parasitology.

[151]  D. Wood,et al.  Clinical reality of coronary prevention guidelines: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I and II in nine countries , 2001, The Lancet.

[152]  Brendan A. Larder,et al.  Extent of Cross-Resistance between Agents Used To Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Clinically Derived Isolates , 2002, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

[153]  M. Makame.  Childhood Diabetes, Insulin, and Africa , 1992 .

[154]  P. Marty,et al.  The biological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients , 2003, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[155]  J. Lemons,et al.  Volume of blood submitted for culture from neonates , 1986, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[156]  M M Weissman,et al.  Depressed adolescents grown up. , 1999, JAMA.

[157]  H. Kraemer,et al.  Are certain multicenter randomized clinical trial structures misleading clinical and policy decisions? , 2005, Contemporary clinical trials.

[158]  B. Grant,et al.  Epidemiology of Alcoholic Liver Disease , 1988, Seminars in liver disease.

[159]  J Bousquet,et al.  Chronic respiratory diseases in developing countries: the burden and strategies for prevention and management. , 2001, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[160]  S. Faraone,et al.  Genetic influences on DSM-III-R drug abuse and dependence: a study of 3,372 twin pairs. , 1996, American journal of medical genetics.

[161]  D. Lovinger,et al.  Cellular and behavioral neurobiology of alcohol: receptor-mediated neuronal processes. , 1995, Clinical neuroscience.

[162]  S. Loft,et al.  Increased susceptibility to liver disease in relation to alcohol consumption in women. , 1987, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[163]  E. Zijlstra,et al.  Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. , 2003, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[164]  J. Krischer,et al.  Effects of oral insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Trial--Type 1. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[165]  R. Ross.  MALARIA in Greece. , 1906, Chronicle of the World Health Organization.

[166]  G. Andrews.  Randomised controlled trials in psychiatry: important but poorly accepted , 1999, BMJ.

[167]  J. Galambos,et al.  Natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. II. The long-term prognosis. , 1971, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[168]  A. Tuulio-Henriksson,et al.  Depressive symptoms in adolescence as predictors of early adulthood depressive disorders and maladjustment. , 2002, The American journal of psychiatry.

[169]  K. Eriksson,et al.  Prevention of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise The 6-year Malmö feasibility study , 1991, Diabetologia.

[170]  M. Ingelman-Sundberg,et al.  Ultrarapid metabolism of sparteine: frequency of alleles with duplicated CYP2D6 genes in a Danish population as determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and long polymerase chain reaction. , 1998, Pharmacogenetics (London).

[171]  A. Bener,et al.  Obesity and low back pain. , 2003, Collegium antropologicum.

[172]  G. Rutherford,et al.  Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda , 2006, AIDS.

[173]  G. Andersson,et al.  The epidemiology of spinal disorders , 1997 .

[174]  S. Hammer,et al.  Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel. , 2000, JAMA.

[175]  P. Olliaro,et al.  Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance: rationale for combination chemotherapy for malaria. , 1996, Parasitology today.

[176]  N. Ait-Daoud,et al.  Combining ondansetron and naltrexone effectively treats biologically predisposed alcoholics: from hypotheses to preliminary clinical evidence. , 2000, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[177]  Mardge H. Cohen,et al.  Depressive symptoms and AIDS-related mortality among a multisite cohort of HIV-positive women. , 2004, American journal of public health.

[178]  E. Isometsä,et al.  Depressive disorders in primary care: recurrent, chronic, and co-morbid , 2004, Psychological Medicine.

[179]  A. Mitchell,et al.  A cost-effectiveness approach to drug subsidy and pricing in Australia. , 2001, Health affairs.

[180]  W. Fleischhacker,et al.  Comparison of acamprosate and placebo in long-term treatment of alcohol dependence , 1996, The Lancet.

[181]  R. Morrison,et al.  Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India , 1999, The Lancet.

[182]  P. Desjeux.  The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. , 2001, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[183]  J. Cramer,et al.  A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. , 2001, Clinical therapeutics.

[184]  J. Ott,et al.  Complement Factor H Polymorphism in Age-Related Macular Degeneration , 2005, Science.

[185]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Comparison of evidence of treatment effects in randomized and nonrandomized studies. , 2001, JAMA.

[186]  F. Clavel,et al.  HIV Drug Resistance , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[187]  W. K. Lelbach,et al.  CIRRHOSIS IN THE ALCOHOLIC AND ITS RELATION TO THE VOLUME OF ALCOHOL ABUSE , 1975, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[188]  A. Alterman,et al.  Naltrexone and alcohol dependence. Role of subject compliance. , 1997, Archives of general psychiatry.

[189]  W. Katon,et al.  Impact of antidepressant drug adherence on comorbid medication use and resource utilization. , 2005, Archives of internal medicine.

[190]  Ramanan Laxminarayan,et al.  Malaria: current status of control, diagnosis, treatment, and a proposed agenda for research and development. , 2002, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[191]  John B Saunders,et al.  CDT, GGT, and AST as markers of alcohol use: the WHO/ISBRA collaborative project. , 2002, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[192]  Dean T. Jamison,et al.  World development report 1993 : investing in health , 1993 .

[193]  I. Ellis,et al.  Best Practice No 176 , 2004, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[194]  S. Ahmedzai,et al.  Overcoming the challenges to consumer involvement in cancer research , 2003, Health Expectations.

[195]  R. Fuller,et al.  Alcoholism treatment in the United States. An overview. , 1999 .

[196]  S. Hurt,et al.  Discontinuing or Switching Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors , 2002, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[197]  R. Macgregor,et al.  Alcohol and infection. , 1997, Current clinical topics in infectious diseases.

[198]  W. Klunk,et al.  Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer's disease with Pittsburgh Compound‐B , 2004, Annals of neurology.

[199]  A. Beekman,et al.  [Depression among older nursing home patients. A review]. , 2003, Tijdschrift voor gerontologie en geriatrie.

[200]  Richard D Moore,et al.  Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alcoholism in Elderly Patients , 1989, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[201]  A. Hofman,et al.  Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study , 1997, The Lancet.

[202]  B. Dilbaz,et al.  Is rectal misoprostol really effective in the treatment of third stage of labor? A randomized controlled trial. , 2002, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[203]  S. Dooley,et al.  Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis , 2006, Digestive Diseases.

[204]  J. Best,et al.  Rubella-specific serum and nasopharyngeal antibodies in volunteers with naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity after intranasal challenge. , 1980, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[205]  C. Siegrist.  Mechanisms by which maternal antibodies influence infant vaccine responses: review of hypotheses and definition of main determinants. , 2003, Vaccine.

[206]  A. Mitchell,et al.  Prognosis of depression in old age compared to middle age: a systematic review of comparative studies. , 2005, The American journal of psychiatry.

[207]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.

[208]  E. W. Olsen,et al.  Dementia in affective disorde a case‐register study , 1999, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[209]  Ron Z. Goetzel,et al.  Health, Absence, Disability, and Presenteeism Cost Estimates of Certain Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting U.S. Employers , 2004, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[210]  N. Freemantle,et al.  Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in the Baltic States , 2001, The Lancet.

[211]  M. Dewey,et al.  Dementia, cognitive impairment and mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a systematic review of the literature , 2001, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[212]  O. Gureje,et al.  Risk of mortality for dementia in a developing country: the Yoruba in Nigeria , 2002, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[213]  F. Scherer.  The pharmaceutical industry--prices and progress. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[214]  N. Perrin,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of an intervention to prevent depression in at-risk teens. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[215]  J. Kastelein,et al.  Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[216]  C. G. Victoria,et al.  Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis , 2000, The Lancet.

[217]  G. Elwyn,et al.  Evolving the multiple roles of ‘patients’ in health‐care research: reflections after involvement in a trial of shared decision‐making , 2003, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[218]  J. Caballería,et al.  Histological course of alcoholic hepatitis. Influence of abstinence, sex and extent of hepatic damage. , 1986, Journal of hepatology.

[219]  Yiming Shao,et al.  Enhanced: The Need for a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise , 2003, Science.

[220]  M. Hochberg,et al.  Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[221]  Y. Israel,et al.  Binding of acetaldehyde to a glutathione metabolite: mass spectrometric characterization of an acetaldehyde-cysteinylglycine conjugate. , 2003, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[222]  R. Lipton,et al.  Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. , 2003, JAMA.

[223]  A. Gibofsky.  American College of Rheumatology. , 2002, Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia.

[224]  M. Drummond,et al.  A rational framework for decision making by the National Institute For Clinical Excellence (NICE) , 2002, The Lancet.

[225]  T. Croghan,et al.  The medicine cabinet: what's in it, why, and can we change the contents? , 2004, Health affairs.

[226]  S. Glied,et al.  Service system finance: implications for children with depression and manic depression , 2001, Biological Psychiatry.

[227]  T. Sørensen,et al.  Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: A prospective population study , 1996, Hepatology.

[228]  A. Ohlsson,et al.  Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. , 2012, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[229]  H. Hampel,et al.  Advances in the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: from CSF total tau and Aβ1–42 proteins to phosphorylated tau protein , 2003, Brain Research Bulletin.

[230]  A. Hofman,et al.  Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam Study , 1998, The Lancet.

[231]  Richard Doll,et al.  The causes of cancer. , 2001, Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique.

[232]  G. Diggle.  THALIDOMIDE: 40 YEARS ON , 2001, International journal of clinical practice.

[233]  A. Penttilä,et al.  Alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease: evidence of a threshold level of effects of ethanol. , 1993, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[234]  W. Halperin,et al.  Back pain prevalence in US industry and estimates of lost workdays. , 1999, American journal of public health.

[235]  L. Markson,et al.  Incidence and duration of side effects and those rated as bothersome with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for depression: patient report versus physician estimate. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[236]  T. Valle,et al.  Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[237]  J. Dekker,et al.  Combining psychotherapy and antidepressants in the treatment of depression. , 2001, Journal of affective disorders.

[238]  B. Greenwood,et al.  Suppression of cell-mediated immune responses to malaria antigens in pregnant Gambian women. , 1989, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[239]  J. Orbinski.  Market Enticements Are Not Enough , 2001 .

[240]  D M Eddy,et al.  Selecting Technologies for Assessment , 1989, International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care.

[241]  H. Jeffery,et al.  Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[242]  R L Andres,et al.  Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. , 2000, Seminars in neonatology : SN.

[243]  J. Margolick,et al.  Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[244]  A. Woolf,et al.  Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. , 2003, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[245]  Y. Liaw,et al.  Bacteremia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. , 2008, Liver.

[246]  Fernando Holguin,et al.  Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. , 2005, Chest.

[247]  J. Sangiovanni,et al.  Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[248]  T. Petty.  The National Mucolytic Study. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of iodinated glycerol in chronic obstructive bronchitis. , 1990, Chest.

[249]  P. Aspden.  Medical Innovation in the Changing Healthcare Marketplace: Conference Summary , 2002 .

[250]  D. Tibboel,et al.  A survey of the use of off-label and unlicensed drugs in a Dutch children's hospital. , 2001, Pediatrics.

[251]  T. Kitagawa,et al.  Annual incidence and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes in children as detected by urine glucose screening in the Tokyo metropolitan area. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[252]  B. Ozkan,et al.  Addition of orlistat to conventional treatment in adolescents with severe obesity , 2004, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[253]  J. Scadding,et al.  The James Lind Alliance: patients and clinicians should jointly identify their priorities for clinical trials , 2004, The Lancet.

[254]  A. Diehl.  ALCOHOL AND LIVER REGENERATION , 1998 .

[255]  M. D. de Courten,et al.  Access to care for patients with insulin-requiring diabetes in developing countries: case studies of Mozambique and Zambia. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[256]  Henry Chesbrough,et al.  Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology , 2003 .

[257]  J. Boote,et al.  Consumer involvement in health research : Fact or fiction? , 2002 .

[258]  M Eccles,et al.  Involvement of consumers in the development of evidence based clinical guidelines: practical experiences from the North of England evidence based guideline development programme , 2001, Quality in health care : QHC.

[259]  K. Krishnan,et al.  Comparing the Effects of Antidepressants: Consensus Guidelines for Evaluating Quantitative Reviews of Antidepressant Efficacy , 2005, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[260]  David Morganstein,et al.  Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. , 2003, JAMA.

[261]  H. Jick,et al.  Antidepressants and the risk of suicidal behaviors. , 2004, JAMA.

[262]  Mark E Kunik,et al.  Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders. , 2005, Chest.

[263]  E. Christensen,et al.  Glucocorticoids are ineffective in alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis adjusting for confounding variables. , 1995, Gut.

[264]  D. Lau,et al.  Long‐term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight , 2003 .

[265]  K. Arrow,et al.  Saving Lives, Buying Time , 2004 .

[266]  N J Wald,et al.  Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[267]  Rosemary Barber,et al.  Principles and indicators of successful consumer involvement in NHS research: results of a Delphi study and subgroup analysis. , 2006, Health policy.

[268]  Thomas P. Erlinger,et al.  Smoking Cessation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2005, PLoS medicine.

[269]  H. Cann,et al.  A national DNA bank in The Gambia, West Africa, and genomic research in developing countries , 2004, Nature Genetics.

[270]  D. McFarland,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in a stable refugee population at risk for epidemic cholera and in a population with endemic cholera. , 1998, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[271]  D. Foley,et al.  Mid-life smoking and late-life dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study , 2003, Neurobiology of Aging.

[272]  A. Grizzle,et al.  Understanding the costs and treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence , 2002 .

[273]  Steff Lewis,et al.  Forest plots: trying to see the wood and the trees , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[274]  W. van den Brink,et al.  Response to tricyclic antidepressants: independent of gender? , 2004, The American journal of psychiatry.

[275]  R. Riffenburgh,et al.  Enhancing Intrinsic Cochlear Stress Defenses to Reduce Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss , 2002 .

[276]  R. Kessler,et al.  Depression and Work Productivity: The Comparative Costs of Treatment Versus Nontreatment , 2001, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[277]  G. Coatney,et al.  A Naturally Acquired Quotidian-Type Malaria in Man Transferable to Monkeys , 1965, Science.

[278]  Els Torreele,et al.  Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure , 2002, The Lancet.

[279]  S. Goold.  Allocating health care: cost-utility analysis, informed democratic decision making, or the veil of ignorance? , 1996, Journal of health politics, policy and law.

[280]  M. McKeage,et al.  Comparative Adverse Effect Profiles of Platinum Drugs , 1995, Drug safety.

[281]  C. Day,et al.  The management of alcoholic liver disease. , 2003, Journal of hepatology.

[282]  David Sharp,et al.  The Use of Intradiscal Steroid Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Discogenic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial , 2004, Spine.

[283]  Eric J Topol,et al.  Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. , 2002, JAMA.

[284]  Jürgen Unützer,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of a Program to Prevent Depression Relapse in Primary Care , 2002, Medical care.

[285]  S. Ryder,et al.  Investigation of liver and biliary disease , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[286]  J. Norbeck,et al.  Naltrexone as an adjunctive treatment for older patients with alcohol dependence. , 1997, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[287]  P. Saenger,et al.  Presentation and 5-Year Follow-Up of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in African-American and Caribbean-Hispanic Adolescents , 2003, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[288]  K. Hall,et al.  Alzheimer's disease, genes, and environment: the value of international studies. , 2003, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[289]  D. Fergusson,et al.  Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. , 2002, Archives of general psychiatry.

[290]  N. Moore,et al.  Acamprosate appears to decrease alcohol intake in weaned alcoholics. , 1990, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[291]  K. Freedland,et al.  The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. , 2001, Diabetes care.

[292]  Peter Beresford,et al.  Developing the theoretical basis for service user/survivor-led research and equal involvement in research , 2005, Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale.

[293]  T. Brown,et al.  Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. , 2001, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[294]  W. Tooley,et al.  Lung function in prematurely delivered rabbits treated with a synthetic surfactant. , 1987, The American review of respiratory disease.

[295]  Basil Achilladelis,et al.  The dynamics of technological innovation: The sector of antibacterial medicines , 1993 .

[296]  J. Vestbo,et al.  Socioeconomic status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 1999, Thorax.

[297]  W K Sieber,et al.  Occupational exposure to noise and ototoxic organic solvents. , 1994, Archives of environmental health.

[298]  P. Hammer.  Differential Pricing of Essential AIDS Drugs: Markets, Politics and Public Health , 2002 .

[299]  J. Hofmeyr,et al.  Misoprostol in the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage in addition to routine management: a placebo randomised controlled trial , 2004, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[300]  A Torén,et al.  Tractor-driving hours and their relation to self-reported low-back and hip symptoms. , 2002, Applied ergonomics.

[301]  V. Welch,et al.  Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis. , 2005, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[302]  R. Aubert,et al.  Evaluation of a depression health management program to improve outcomes in first or recurrent episode depression. , 2003, The American journal of managed care.

[303]  E. Steliarova-Foucher,et al.  Geographical patterns and time trends of cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents in Europe since the 1970s (the ACCIS project): an epidemiological study , 2004, The Lancet.

[304]  W. Mendoza,et al.  Improving diarrhoea estimates. , 2002 .

[305]  R. Nitrini,et al.  Incidence of Dementia in a Community-Dwelling Brazilian Population , 2004, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[306]  L. Kessing,et al.  Increased risk of developing dementia in patients with major affective disorders compared to patients with other medical illnesses. , 2003, Journal of affective disorders.

[307]  R. Grubb,et al.  Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Ischemic Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association , 2003, Stroke.

[308]  M. von Korff,et al.  The Course of Back Pain in Primary Care , 1996, Spine.

[309]  R. Kessler,et al.  Comorbidity of DSM–III–R Major Depressive Disorder in the General Population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey , 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[310]  B. Make,et al.  Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Thoracic Society. , 1995, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[311]  P. Sager,et al.  Effect of Ezetimibe Coadministered With Atorvastatin in 628 Patients With Primary Hypercholesterolemia: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial , 2003, Circulation.

[312]  J. Unützer,et al.  Adherence to Treatment for Geriatric Depression and Anxiety , 2003, CNS Spectrums.

[313]  F. Smaill,et al.  Antibiotic regimens for management of intraamniotic infection. , 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[314]  P. Quennell.  Getting their say, or getting their way? Has participation strengthened the patient "voice" in the National Institute for Clinical Excellence? , 2001, Journal of management in medicine.

[315]  J. Ferlay,et al.  Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 1995. , 2002, European journal of cancer.

[316]  A. Dixon,et al.  Primary care referrals for lumbar spine radiography: diagnostic yield and clinical guidelines. , 2002, The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

[317]  L. Rybak,et al.  Application of Antioxidants and Other Agents to Prevent Cisplatin Ototoxicity , 1999, The Laryngoscope.

[318]  Mc Fiore,et al.  Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence , 2000 .

[319]  G. Andersson.  Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain , 1999, The Lancet.

[320]  R. West,et al.  Smoking cessation: evidence based recommendations for the healthcare system , 1999, BMJ.

[321]  P. Wadhwa,et al.  Stress and Preterm Birth: Neuroendocrine, Immune/Inflammatory, and Vascular Mechanisms , 2001, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[322]  G. Glikmann,et al.  Subclinical measles infection in vaccinated seropositive individuals in arctic Greenland. , 1989, Vaccine.

[323]  Shelly C. Lu,et al.  Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Injury , 2022 .

[324]  B. N. Ong,et al.  Involving users in low back pain research , 2003, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[325]  J. Toolan.  Depression in children and adolescents. , 1962, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[326]  S. Fowler,et al.  Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. , 2002 .

[327]  R. Suresh,et al.  Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. , 2002, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[328]  Organizatao Mundial DE Saude,et al.  World Health Organization: Regional Office for Africa , 1954, Africa.

[329]  Oluf Pedersen,et al.  Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[330]  G. Pransky,et al.  The Association of Medical Conditions and Presenteeism , 2004, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[331]  F. Fleck.  Eastern Europe and Russia face world's fastest growing HIV epidemic , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[332]  Shyam Sundar,et al.  Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda. , 2002, The Lancet. Infectious diseases.

[333]  Mark S. George,et al.  Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychiatry , 2000 .

[334]  R. Peto,et al.  The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. , 1977, British medical journal.

[335]  B. Dubois,et al.  Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Aβ42 immunization , 2003, Neurology.

[336]  R. López-Vélez,et al.  Visceral leishmaniasis in those infected with HIV: clinical aspects and other opportunistic infections , 2003, Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology.

[337]  B. Grant.  Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and DSM-IV alcohol dependence in the United States: results of the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. , 1997, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[338]  N J Wald,et al.  A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80% , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[339]  M. Law,et al.  The underlying risk of death after myocardial infarction in the absence of treatment. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[340]  R. Nitrini,et al.  Epidemiologic Survey of Dementia in a Community-Dwelling Brazilian Population , 2002, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[341]  A. Dyer,et al.  Relationship of baseline major risk factors to coronary and all-cause mortality, and to longevity: findings from long-term follow-up of Chicago cohorts. , 1993, Cardiology.

[342]  A. Alterman,et al.  Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. , 1992, Archives of general psychiatry.

[343]  C. Morel.  Reaching maturity - 25 years of the TDR. , 2000, Parasitology today.

[344]  K. Mendis,et al.  The neglected burden of Plasmodium vivax malaria. , 2001, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[345]  A. Skene,et al.  Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[346]  W. Castle,et al.  A follow-up of 93 newly diagnosed African diabetics for 6 years , 2004, Diabetologia.

[347]  S. Loüet.  Public–private partnerships boost research on neglected diseases , 2003, Nature Biotechnology.

[348]  D. Higgins,et al.  Housing and health: time again for public health action. , 2002, American journal of public health.

[349]  T. Vesikari,et al.  Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[350]  I. Wanless.  Is cirrhosis reversible? , 2004 .

[351]  N J Wald,et al.  Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[352]  A. Siitonen,et al.  Prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by oral B-subunit/whole-cell cholera vaccine , 1991, The Lancet.

[353]  S. Bellman,et al.  The prevention of hearing loss. , 1983, International rehabilitation medicine.

[354]  R. Carithers,et al.  Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial. , 1989, Annals of internal medicine.

[355]  L. Stead,et al.  Effectiveness of interventions to help people stop smoking: findings from the Cochrane Library , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[356]  J. Kenardy,et al.  Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. , 2014, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[357]  A. Silman,et al.  Influence of previous pain experience on the episode incidence of low back pain: results from the South Manchester Back Pain Study , 1996, PAIN®.

[358]  Lawrence A Leiter,et al.  The Effect of Acarbose on Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance , 1996, Diabetes Care.

[359]  E. Alpert,et al.  Experimental mosquito-transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to man and monkey. , 1968, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[360]  Z. Bhutta,et al.  Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries , 2005, The Lancet.

[361]  D. Schuppan,et al.  Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. , 2004, Gastroenterology.

[362]  C. Jagger,et al.  The prevalence of dementia in a total population: a comparison of two screening instruments. , 1991, Age and ageing.

[363]  Melinda Moore,et al.  Global urbanization and impact on health. , 2003, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[364]  M. Austin,et al.  Maternal stress and obstetric and infant outcomes: epidemiological findings and neuroendocrine mechanisms , 2000, The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology.

[365]  P. Rothwell,et al.  External validity of randomised controlled trials: “To whom do the results of this trial apply?” , 2005, The Lancet.

[366]  A. Bryceson,et al.  Epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan: a randomized trial of aminosidine plus sodium stibogluconate versus sodium stibogluconate alone. , 1993, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[367]  T. Petty,et al.  Dose response to ipratropium as a nebulized solution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A three-center study. , 1989, The American review of respiratory disease.

[368]  P. Verbanck,et al.  Efficacy and safety of acamprosate in the treatment of detoxified alcohol-dependent patients , 1997, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[369]  Douglas K. Martin,et al.  Priority setting in a hospital drug formulary: a qualitative case study and evaluation. , 2003, Health policy.

[370]  A. McMichael,et al.  The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. , 2000, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[371]  J. Neaton,et al.  Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). , 1986, JAMA.

[372]  M. Crawford,et al.  Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health care , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[373]  Rod Hughes,et al.  Patients and professionals as research partners: challenges, practicalities, and benefits. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[374]  Expert and non-expert knowledge in medical practice , 2000, Medicine, health care, and philosophy.

[375]  V. Wiseman,et al.  Involving the general public in priority setting: experiences from Australia. , 2003, Social science & medicine.

[376]  D. Isacson,et al.  Epidemiology of analgesic use: a gender perspective , 2002, European journal of anaesthesiology. Supplement.

[377]  M. Zencir,et al.  Cost of Alzheimer's disease in a developing country setting , 2005, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[378]  C. Sempos,et al.  Alcohol as a Risk Factor for Global Burden of Disease , 2003, European Addiction Research.

[379]  D. B. Matthews,et al.  The role of GABAergic neuroactive steroids in ethanol action, tolerance and dependence , 2001, Brain Research Reviews.

[380]  C M O'Connor,et al.  Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. , 2001, Archives of internal medicine.

[381]  G B Andersson,et al.  The influence of lumbar disc height and cross-sectional area on the mechanical response of the disc to physiologic loading. , 1999, Spine.

[382]  J. Pyne,et al.  Cost-Effectiveness of Enhancing Primary Care Depression Management on an Ongoing Basis , 2005, The Annals of Family Medicine.

[383]  J. Roussaux,et al.  L'acamprosate diminue-t-il l'appétence pour l'alcool chez l'alcoolique sevé? , 1996 .

[384]  D Elbourne,et al.  Involving consumers in designing, conducting, and interpreting randomised controlled trials: questionnaire survey , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[385]  J Gabbay,et al.  Involving consumers in research and development agenda setting for the NHS: developing an evidence-based approach. , 2004, Health technology assessment.

[386]  C. P. Thakur,et al.  Comparison of three treatment regimens with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) for visceral leishmaniasis in India: a randomized dose-finding study. , 1996, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[387]  S. Becker.  New targets, new drugs, failed trials and the need for more information. , 2004, Positively aware : the monthly journal of the Test Positive Aware Network.

[388]  Maurizio Bonati,et al.  Survey of unlicensed and off label drug use in paediatric wards in European countries , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[389]  K. Katsouyanni,et al.  Ethanol and breast cancer: An association that may be both confounded and causal , 1994, International journal of cancer.

[390]  B. Lawlor,et al.  Alcohol use disorders in elderly people–redefining an age old problem in old age , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[391]  M. Boldrin,et al.  Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. , 2005, JAMA.

[392]  B. Lernfelt,et al.  15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia , 1996, The Lancet.

[393]  R. Stauber,et al.  In vivo quantification of liver dialysis: comparison of albumin dialysis and fractionated plasma separation. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[394]  M. Karsdal,et al.  In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methodological approaches for studying therapeutic targets of osteoporosis and degenerative joint diseases: how biomarkers can assist? , 2005, Assay and drug development technologies.

[395]  Luigi Orsenigo,et al.  Global Competitiveness in Pharmaceuticals: A European Perspective , 2000 .

[396]  J. T. Corwin,et al.  Postembryonic production and aging of inner ear hair cells in sharks , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[397]  S. Gapstur,et al.  Alcohol and breast cancer: review of epidemiologic and experimental evidence and potential mechanisms. , 2001, JAMA.

[398]  P. Raskin,et al.  Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. , 2003, Diabetes care.

[399]  W. Tan,et al.  Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Asia and Africa. , 2004, The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.

[400]  C. Muller,et al.  Estimated susceptibility to asymptomatic secondary immune response against measles in late convalescent and vaccinated persons , 1998, Journal of medical virology.

[401]  R. Bullock.  New drugs for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias , 2002, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[402]  Philip Zeitler,et al.  The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. , 2005, The Journal of pediatrics.

[403]  Eric J Topol,et al.  Convergence of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease: inflammation, cholesterol, and misfolded proteins , 2004, The Lancet.

[404]  Gary J. Nabel,et al.  The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise. Policy forum. , 2003 .

[405]  M. Woodward,et al.  Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood pressure lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack , 2001 .

[406]  M. Frydenberg,et al.  Mental disorders among internal medical inpatients: prevalence, detection, and treatment status. , 2001, Journal of psychosomatic research.

[407]  Olga V. Demler,et al.  Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[408]  A. Esposito.  Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Effect of age on manifestations and outcome. , 1984, Archives of internal medicine.

[409]  G. Szabo.  Consequences of alcohol consumption on host defence. , 1999, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[410]  G. Justus Hofmeyr,et al.  A randomised placebo controlled trial of oral misoprostol in the third stage of labour , 1998, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[411]  B. Pécoul,et al.  Access to essential drugs in poor countries: a lost battle? , 1999, JAMA.

[412]  G. Dekker,et al.  Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour. , 2003, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[413]  N. Ford,et al.  Neglected diseases of global importance. , 2001, JAMA.

[414]  R. Motter,et al.  Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid β-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease , 2000, Nature Medicine.

[415]  H. Möller,et al.  Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders. , 2000, Journal of affective disorders.

[416]  Margaret T. Whitstock.  Seeking evidence from medical research consumers as part of the medical research process could improve the uptake of research evidence. , 2003, Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.

[417]  M. Arthur,et al.  Sex differences in the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde in normal subjects. , 1984, Clinical science.

[418]  Douglas K. Martin,et al.  Hospital priority setting with an appeals process: a qualitative case study and evaluation. , 2005, Health policy.

[419]  Paul Dieppe,et al.  Osteoarthritis: New Insights. Part 2: Treatment Approaches , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[420]  S Holm,et al.  The second phase of priority setting. Goodbye to the simple solutions: the second phase of priority setting in health care. , 1998, BMJ.

[421]  J. Cutler,et al.  Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women and Men , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[422]  R. Makuch,et al.  Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. , 2000, JAMA.

[423]  Andrew W. Smith.  The World Health Organisation and the prevention of deafness and hearing impairment caused by noise. , 1998, Noise & health.

[424]  C. Brayne,et al.  An Epidemiological Study of Dementia in a Rural Population of Elderly Women , 1989, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[425]  J. Jordan,et al.  Real-time polymerase chain reaction for detecting bacterial DNA directly from blood of neonates being evaluated for sepsis. , 2005, The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD.

[426]  P. Lumbiganon,et al.  Prophylactic antibiotic administration during second and third trimester in pregnancy for preventing infectious morbidity and mortality , 2002 .

[427]  F. Ahern,et al.  Gender Differences in NSAID Use among Older Adults with Osteoarthritis , 2003, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[428]  D. Mannino.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: definition and epidemiology. , 2003, Respiratory care.

[429]  G. Ostapowicz,et al.  Role of alcohol in the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection , 1998, Hepatology.

[430]  R. Soll,et al.  Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. , 2001, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[431]  S. Wutzke,et al.  Naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting , 2002, The Medical journal of Australia.

[432]  A. Brennan,et al.  Modelling the long term cost effectiveness of clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of occlusive vascular events in the UK , 2005, Current medical research and opinion.

[433]  G. Guyatt,et al.  A controlled trial of ambroxol in chronic bronchitis. , 1987, Chest.

[434]  D. Overstreet,et al.  Combination pharmacotherapy: a mixture of small doses of naltrexone, fluoxetine, and a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue reduces alcohol intake in three strains of alcohol-preferring rats. , 2000, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[435]  M. Santosham,et al.  High incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in the White Mountain Apache population. , 1992, Archives of internal medicine.

[436]  P. Musgrove,et al.  A critical review of 'a critical review': the methodology of the 1993 World Development Report, 'Investing in Health'. , 2000, Health policy and planning.

[437]  Diggle Ge.  Thalidomide: 40 years on. , 2001 .

[438]  Candice L Schachter,et al.  The Case for Integrating Grounded Theory and Participatory Action Research: Empowering Clients to Inform Professional Practice , 2005, Qualitative health research.

[439]  Kari Kuulasmaa,et al.  Use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in the WHO MONICA project. , 2004, Maturitas.

[440]  Filip Smit,et al.  Effects of reminiscence and life review on late‐life depression: a meta‐analysis , 2003, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[441]  R. Bazell.  Drug efficacy study: FDA yields on fixed combinations. , 1971, Science.

[442]  M N Rossor,et al.  The prevalence and causes of dementia in people under the age of 65 years , 2003, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[443]  G. Uziel,et al.  Inborn errors of metabolism in the Italian pediatric population: a national retrospective survey. , 2002, The Journal of pediatrics.

[444]  T. Fliedner,et al.  The critique of DALYs: a counter-reply. , 1997, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[445]  L. Punnett,et al.  Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures. , 2005, American journal of industrial medicine.

[446]  M. Aubier,et al.  A randomized, controlled trial of theophylline in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[447]  J. Li,et al.  A 2‐year follow‐up study of cigarette smoking and risk of dementia , 2004, European journal of neurology.

[448]  E. C. Moura,et al.  Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review. , 2004, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[449]  J. Bunders,et al.  Patients’ priorities concerning health research: the case of asthma and COPD research in the Netherlands , 2005, Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy.

[450]  Trey Sunderland,et al.  Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease. , 2003, JAMA.

[451]  C. Patterson,et al.  Global Trends in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes , 2003 .

[452]  Lex M. Bouter,et al.  Conservative Treatment of Acute and Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Most Common Interventions , 1997, Spine.

[453]  O. Dodge,et al.  Mycobacterial skin ulcers in Uganda. , 1961, Lancet.

[454]  R. O'brien,et al.  The need for new drugs against tuberculosis. Obstacles, opportunities, and next steps. , 2001, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[455]  W. Kim,et al.  Burden of liver disease in the United States: Summary of a workshop , 2002, Hepatology.

[456]  S. Jan,et al.  Vertical equity: weighting outcomes? or establishing procedures? , 1997, Health policy.

[457]  R. Collins,et al.  Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials , 2001, The Lancet.

[458]  R Peto,et al.  Serum cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease in population with low cholesterol concentrations. , 1991, BMJ.

[459]  Alan Frazer,et al.  Pharmacology of antidepressants. , 1997, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[460]  L. Kinlen.  Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950-2000 , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[461]  M. Turgut,et al.  The effects of calcium channel antagonist nimodipine on end-plate vascularity of the degenerated intervertebral disc in rats , 2003, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.

[462]  T. Brennan,et al.  Incidence and types of preventable adverse events in elderly patients: population based review of medical records , 2000, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[463]  Deborah Pinchev,et al.  Mining biomarkers in human sera using proteomic tools , 2004, Proteomics.

[464]  J. Tuomilehto,et al.  Worldwide increase in incidence of Type I diabetes – the analysis of the data on published incidence trends , 1999, Diabetologia.

[465]  J. Horm,et al.  Negative moods as correlates of smoking and heavier drinking: implications for health promotion. , 1993, Advance data.

[466]  P. Olliaro,et al.  A prospective randomized, comparative, open-label trial of the safety and efficacy of paromomycin (aminosidine) plus sodium stibogluconate versus sodium stibogluconate alone for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. , 2000, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[467]  L. Bouter,et al.  Efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials , 1997, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[468]  L. Del Piccolo,et al.  Which patients talk about stressful life events and social problems to the general practitioner? , 1998, Psychological Medicine.

[469]  P. Bendtsen,et al.  A 6-month controlled naltrexone study: combined effect with cognitive behavioral therapy in outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence. , 2003, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[470]  M. Plummer,et al.  International agency for research on cancer. , 2020, Archives of pathology.

[471]  H C Hendrie,et al.  Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in two communities: Nigerian Africans and African Americans. , 1995, The American journal of psychiatry.

[472]  S. Sachdeva,et al.  Prevalence of Dementia in an Urban Indian Population , 2001, International Psychogeriatrics.

[473]  R. Handsher,et al.  Response to experimental challenge in persons immunized with different rubella vaccines. , 1978, The Journal of pediatrics.

[474]  J. Moncrieff,et al.  A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence or abuse. , 2000, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[475]  A. Amos,et al.  The Rising Global Burden of Diabetes and its Complications: Estimates and Projections to the Year 2010 , 1997, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[476]  K J Rothman,et al.  Placebo mania , 1996, BMJ.

[477]  Sean D Sullivan,et al.  Methods to assess intended effects of drug treatment in observational studies are reviewed. , 2004, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[478]  E. R. Mcfadden,et al.  Patterns of hospitalization in elderly patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[479]  K. Hawton,et al.  Suicide in older people: mode of death, demographic factors, and medical contact before death , 2000, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[480]  R. Collins,et al.  Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins , 2005, The Lancet.

[481]  U. Reinhardt,et al.  The world health report 2000 - Health systems: improving performance , 2000 .

[482]  H. Whittle,et al.  Effect of subclinical infection on maintaining immunity against measles in vaccinated children in West Africa , 1999, The Lancet.

[483]  M. Hill,et al.  The multilevel compliance challenge: recommendations for a call to action. A statement for healthcare professionals. , 1997, Circulation.

[484]  R. Mcnutt,et al.  Acute Severe Low Back Pain: A Population-based Study of Prevalence and Care-seeking , 1996, Spine.

[485]  I. Karacan,et al.  Facet Angles in Lumbar Disc Herniation: Their Relation to Anthropometric Features , 2004, Spine.

[486]  R. Nitrini,et al.  Mortality from dementia in a community‐dwelling Brazilian population , 2005, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[487]  K. Promodu,et al.  An Epidemiological Study of Dementia in a Rural Community in Kerala, India , 1996, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[488]  S. Friedman,et al.  Liver fibrosis -- from bench to bedside. , 2003, Journal of hepatology.

[489]  Patricia Dolan Mullen,et al.  Treating tobacco use and dependence: clinical practice guideline , 2000 .

[490]  R. Weinshilboum,et al.  Pharmacogenomics: bench to bedside , 2004, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[491]  F. Turnbull.  Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials , 2003, The Lancet.

[492]  Baker Rc,et al.  Recent developments in alcoholism:immunological aspects. , 1993 .

[493]  G. Suh,et al.  A review of the epidemiological transition in dementia — cross‐national comparisons of the indices related to Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia , 2001, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[494]  Michael C. McDaniel,et al.  Diets and cardiovascular disease: an evidence-based assessment. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[495]  P. Rochon,et al.  Relation between randomized controlled trials published in leading general medical journals and the global burden of disease , 2004, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[496]  R. Wood‐Baker,et al.  Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[497]  A. Beck,et al.  The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. , 2006, Clinical psychology review.

[498]  Guilbert Jj.  The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. , 2003 .

[499]  F. Chaloupka,et al.  Tobacco Control in Developing Countries , 2001 .

[500]  H. Kranzler,et al.  Naltrexone vs. Nefazodone for Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Placebo-Controlled Trial , 2000, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[501]  Jan P Vandenbroucke,et al.  When are observational studies as credible as randomised trials? , 2004, The Lancet.

[502]  Drug safety under the US Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act , 2003 .

[503]  John P. Moore,et al.  New targets for inhibitors of HIV-1 replication , 2000, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[504]  Stephen K. Smith,et al.  Fetal Endocrine Signals and Preterm Labor , 2001, Neonatology.

[505]  J. Vincent,et al.  The cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern Africa , 2004, AIDS.

[506]  S. Sundar,et al.  Advances in the treatment of leishmaniasis , 2002, Current opinion in infectious diseases.

[507]  N. Walker,et al.  Neonatal survival: a call for action , 2005, The Lancet.

[508]  A. Medline,et al.  Prognosis of alcoholic cirrhosis in the presence and absence of alcoholic hepatitis. , 1987, Gastroenterology.

[509]  E. Leibing,et al.  Diagnostic Groups and Depressed Mood as Predictors of 22-Month Mortality in Medical Inpatients , 1998, Psychosomatic medicine.

[510]  Karen M Kuntz,et al.  Cost effectiveness of aspirin, clopidogrel, or both for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[511]  D. Prockop,et al.  Rat Marrow Stromal Cells are More Sensitive to Plating Density and Expand More Rapidly from Single‐Cell‐Derived Colonies than Human Marrow Stromal Cells , 2001, Stem cells.

[512]  T. Parsons,et al.  Herbal therapy for treating osteoarthritis , 2000 .

[513]  Fernando Costa,et al.  Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Ph , 2003, Circulation.

[514]  I. Johnson.  Alcohol problems in old age: a review of recent epidemiological research , 2000, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[515]  Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel,et al.  Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy , 2000, The Lancet.

[516]  L. Brion,et al.  Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. , 2011, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[517]  C. Dewa,et al.  Pattern of antidepressant use and duration of depression-related absence from work. , 2003, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[518]  P. Aaby,et al.  Effect of sublingual misoprostol on severe postpartum haemorrhage in a primary health centre in Guinea-Bissau: randomised double blind clinical trial , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[519]  J. Pyne,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of a primary care depression intervention , 2003, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[520]  Ronald C Kessler,et al.  The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? , 2003, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[521]  P A West,et al.  Economic evaluation of strategies for the control and management of influenza in Europe. , 2002, Vaccine.

[522]  Jeffrey L. Smith,et al.  The Effect of Improving Primary Care Depression Management on Employee Absenteeism and Productivity: A Randomized Trial , 2004, Medical care.

[523]  F. Berrino,et al.  Childhood cancer survival trends in Europe: a EUROCARE Working Group study. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[524]  C. Branch,et al.  Posterior lumbar interbody fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 with cylindrical interbody cages. , 2004, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[525]  D. Bradley.  The Commission on Health Research for Development. , 1989, The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[526]  Timothy E. McAlindon,et al.  Osteoarthritis: New Insights , 2002 .

[527]  P. Passmore,et al.  The effects of blood pressure lowering on development of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients without apparent prior cerebrovascular disease. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[528]  J. F. Caron-Flinterman,et al.  The experiential knowledge of patients: a new resource for biomedical research? , 2005, Social science & medicine.

[529]  N. Bellamy,et al.  Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[530]  A Hofman,et al.  Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia , 1999, Neurology.

[531]  R. Stawarz,et al.  A possible common mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments , 1976, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.

[532]  D. Sin,et al.  The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on work loss in the United States. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[533]  T. Imperiale,et al.  Do corticosteroids reduce mortality from alcoholic hepatitis? A meta-analysis of the randomized trials. , 1990, Annals of internal medicine.

[534]  S. Holm,et al.  Pathophysiology of disc degeneration. , 1993, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[535]  M. Preboth.  Clinical review of recent findings on the awareness, diagnosis and treatment of depression. , 2000, American family physician.

[536]  M. H. Williams,et al.  Bronchodilator response to oral aminophylline and terbutaline versus aerosol albuterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. , 1983, The American journal of medicine.

[537]  Douglas K. Martin,et al.  Fairness, accountability for reasonableness, and the views of priority setting decision-makers. , 2002, Health policy.

[538]  G. Small.  Recognition and treatment of depression in the elderly. , 1991, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[539]  P. Small,et al.  Partial Purification and Characterization of Biological Effects of a Lipid Toxin Produced byMycobacterium ulcerans , 1998, Infection and Immunity.

[540]  J. Castilla,et al.  Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Reducing Heterosexual Transmission of HIV , 2005, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[541]  J. Manson,et al.  Smoking Cessation and Time Course of Decreased Risks of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Women , 1994 .

[542]  P. Olliaro,et al.  Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with injectable paromomycin (aminosidine). An open-label randomized phase-II clinical study. , 2000, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[543]  S. Yusuf.  Two decades of progress in preventing vascular disease , 2002, The Lancet.

[544]  Catherine Sudlow,et al.  Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[545]  John R. Geddes,et al.  Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2003, The Lancet.

[546]  C. Caso,et al.  A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol-dependence disorder: results from a multicenter clinical trial. , 2002, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[547]  D. Selkoe,et al.  Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer's disease , 1999, Nature.

[548]  L. Goodman,et al.  THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS , 1966 .

[549]  G. Koëter,et al.  Cost‐Effectiveness of Lung Transplantation in Relation to Type of End‐Stage Pulmonary Disease , 2004, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[550]  S. DeKosky,et al.  Incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in a rural community in India , 2001, Neurology.

[551]  R. Stern,et al.  Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[552]  C. Ballantyne,et al.  Combination therapy for combined dyslipidemia. , 2002, The American journal of cardiology.

[553]  Ernst R Berndt,et al.  Unemployment, job retention, and productivity loss among employees with depression. , 2004, Psychiatric services.

[554]  L. Hughes,et al.  The effect of D-methionine on cochlear oxidative state with and without cisplatin administration: mechanisms of otoprotection. , 2003, Journal of the American Academy of Audiology.

[555]  Solomon Nwaka,et al.  Science & society: Virtual drug discovery and development for neglected diseases through public–private partnerships , 2003, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[556]  R. Calne,et al.  Liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: selection criteria and rates of survival and relapse. , 1990, BMJ.

[557]  Research and development costs for drugs , 2004, The Lancet.

[558]  Yunus,et al.  Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results from three-year follow-up , 1990, The Lancet.

[559]  N. Peshu,et al.  Signs of illness in Kenyan infants aged less than 60 days. , 2004, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[560]  Beth E. Molnar,et al.  Comorbidity of substance use disorders with mood and anxiety disorders: results of the International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. , 1998, Addictive behaviors.

[561]  N. Butte,et al.  Comment on "Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?" , 2003, Science.

[562]  D. Price,et al.  The pharmacoepidemiology of COPD: Recent advances and methodological discussion , 2003, European Respiratory Journal.

[563]  Claire Church,et al.  How stable are medicines moved from original packs into compliance aids , 2006 .

[564]  F. Weiss,et al.  Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction: Recent Advances and Challenges , 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[565]  F Vinicor,et al.  Diabetes--a common, growing, serious, costly, and potentially preventable public health problem. , 2000, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[566]  D. Mannino,et al.  Changing the burden of COPD mortality , 2006, International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.