The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals

Abstract Kidney disease has been described as the most neglected chronic disease. Reliable estimates of the global burden of kidney disease require more population-based studies, but specific risks occur across the socioeconomic spectrum from poverty to affluence, from malnutrition to obesity, in agrarian to post-industrial settings, and along the life course from newborns to older people. A range of communicable and noncommunicable diseases result in renal complications and many people who have kidney disease lack access to care. The causes, consequences and costs of kidney diseases have implications for public health policy in all countries. The risks of kidney disease are also influenced by ethnicity, gender, location and lifestyle. Increasing economic and health disparities, migration, demographic transition, unsafe working conditions and environmental threats, natural disasters and pollution may thwart attempts to reduce the morbidity and mortality from kidney disease. A multisectoral approach is needed to tackle the global burden of kidney disease. The sustainable development goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of a multisectoral approach to health. We map the actions towards achieving all of the SDGs that have the potential to improve understanding, measurement, prevention and treatment of kidney disease in all age groups. These actions can also foster treatment innovations and reduce the burden of such disease in future generations.

[1]  J. Boardman,et al.  Racial disparities in health conditions among prisoners compared with the general population , 2017, SSM - population health.

[2]  J. Agar.  Green Dialysis: The Environmental Challenges Ahead , 2015, Seminars in dialysis.

[3]  J. Chen,et al.  A systematic analysis of world-wide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010 , 2015, Kidney international.

[4]  N. Freudenberg.  Healthy-food procurement: using the public plate to reduce food insecurity and diet-related diseases. , 2016, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[5]  M. Lanaspa,et al.  Metabolic and Kidney Diseases in the Setting of Climate Change, Water Shortage, and Survival Factors. , 2016, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[6]  Nobhojit Roy,et al.  Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition , 2015, The Lancet.

[7]  Jenna M. Norton,et al.  Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in CKD. , 2016, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[8]  Ian J. Stewart,et al.  Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes After Combat Injury: A Hidden Cost of War , 2015, Circulation.

[9]  David W. Johnson,et al.  Reducing major risk factors for chronic kidney disease. , 2017, Kidney international supplements.

[10]  Mark Stevenson,et al.  City planning and population health: a global challenge , 2016, The Lancet.

[11]  S. White,et al.  The Need for Kidney Transplantation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in 2012: An Epidemiological Perspective , 2015, Transplantation.

[12]  V. Jha.  Current status of end-stage renal disease care in India and Pakistan , 2013 .

[13]  Amit X Garg,et al.  Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review , 2015, The Lancet.

[14]  Raymond Vanholder,et al.  International Society of Nephrology's 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology , 2015, The Lancet.

[15]  S. Fischer,et al.  The Illness Experience of Undocumented Immigrants With End-stage Renal Disease , 2017, JAMA internal medicine.

[16]  V. Fuster,et al.  Promoting global cardiovascular health ensuring access to essential cardiovascular medicines in low- and middle-income countries. , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[17]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 , 2016, The Lancet.

[18]  M. Chirehwa,et al.  Use of the ‘Accountability for Reasonableness’ Approach to Improve Fairness in Accessing Dialysis in a Middle-Income Country , 2016, PloS one.

[19]  Ashutosh Kumar Singh,et al.  Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 , 2016, Lancet.

[20]  M. G. Ciufolini,et al.  Climate change, vector-borne diseases and working population. , 2016, Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita.

[21]  Nada M. Obaid,et al.  Effect of besiegement on non-communicable diseases: haemodialysis , 2016, The Lancet.

[22]  J. Bartram,et al.  On-plot drinking water supplies and health: A systematic review. , 2016, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[23]  Marcello Tonelli,et al.  Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study , 2012, The Lancet.

[24]  R. Vanholder,et al.  Recommendation for the management of crush victims in mass disasters. , 2012, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[25]  Gail Davey.  Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 , 2017 .

[26]  J. Carrero,et al.  Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease: progression to end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis. , 2016, Clinical science.

[27]  B. Brenner,et al.  The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action , 2017, Nephron.

[28]  Megan von Isenburg,et al.  CKD of Uncertain Etiology: A Systematic Review. , 2016, Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN.

[29]  P. Vineis,et al.  Global prevention and control of NCDs: Limitations of the standard approach , 2015, Journal of Public Health Policy.

[30]  S. Yusuf,et al.  Combination pharmacotherapy to prevent cardiovascular disease: present status and challenges. , 2013, European heart journal.

[31]  I. Kickbusch,et al.  The Commercial Determinants of Health , 2023, Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique.

[32]  R. Dasgupta,et al.  Renal injury management in an urban trauma centre and implications for urological training. , 2015, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

[33]  M. Mckee,et al.  Open letter on the SDGs: a robust measure for universal health coverage is essential , 2016, The Lancet.

[34]  Mohammad Hossein Khosravi,et al.  Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 , 2017, Lancet.

[35]  Neil R. Powe,et al.  Global kidney health 2017 and beyond: a roadmap for closing gaps in care, research, and policy , 2017, The Lancet.

[36]  T. Jafar,et al.  Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries. , 2016, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[37]  A. Zonderman,et al.  Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Change in Kidney Function Among Urban Adults , 2017, Psychosomatic medicine.

[38]  G. Remuzzi,et al.  The contribution of chronic kidney disease to the global burden of major noncommunicable diseases. , 2011, Kidney international.

[39]  R. B.,et al.  The United Nations , 1947, Nature.

[40]  Alan D. Lopez,et al.  The Global Burden of Disease Study , 2003 .

[41]  B. Popkin,et al.  In Mexico, Evidence Of Sustained Consumer Response Two Years After Implementing A Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax. , 2017, Health affairs.

[42]  G. Ashuntantang,et al.  Outcomes of acute kidney injury in children and adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. , 2016, The Lancet. Global health.