Why Do Scholars Use PowerPoint the Way They Do?

PowerPoint has received much criticism regarding excessive use of text and the lack of contact with the audience. Why presenters use PowerPoint in this way has not been studied so far. Our study using interviews with beginning and advanced presenters shows that some use the program as a speaking note and as a means to draw the attention away from themselves. Some even think that PowerPoint can replace rhetorical skills. Slides are mainly designed on the basis of commonsense, instead of guidelines based on human information processing. Implications for the teaching of PowerPoint use in business communication are discussed.

[1]  Cheryl I. Johnson,et al.  Revising the Redundancy Principle in Multimedia Learning. , 2008 .

[2]  Lisa A. Burke,et al.  Lessons Learned From Instructional Design Theory: an Application in Management Education , 2007 .

[3]  C.M.J. van Woerkum,et al.  Wetenschappelijke presentaties met Power-Point. Schadelijke software? , 2013 .

[4]  Dale Cyphert The Problem of PowerPoint: Visual Aid or Visual Rhetoric? , 2004 .

[5]  Jennifer Ingram Life after death by powerpoint , 2008 .

[6]  David K. Farkas Understanding and Using PowerPoint , 2005 .

[7]  Brian S. Hentz Enhancing Presentation Narratives Through Written and Visual Integration , 2006 .

[8]  C. Brodsky The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research , 1968 .

[9]  Stephen M. Kosslyn,et al.  Clear and to the Point: 8 Psychological Principles for Compelling PowerPoint Presentations , 2007 .

[10]  Marilyn A. Dyrud,et al.  Presentations and the Powerpoint Problem—Part II , 2004 .

[11]  Gretchen N. Vik Breaking Bad Habits: Teaching Effective Powerpoint Use to Working Graduate Students , 2004 .

[12]  David Poeppel,et al.  Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  Variants Coad-Yourdon Shlaer-Mellor Advantages and Disadvantages , 1917, The Hospital.

[14]  John Sweller,et al.  The Modality Principle in Multimedia Learning , 2014, The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning.

[15]  Holly M. Hutchins,et al.  Powerful or Pointless? Faculty Versus Student Perceptions of PowerPoint Use in Business Education , 2006 .

[16]  John Sweller,et al.  The Redundancy Principle in Multimedia Learning , 2005, The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning.

[17]  Peter Norvig PowerPoint: shot with its own bullets , 2003, The Lancet.

[18]  Christof Wecker,et al.  Slide presentations as speech suppressors: When and why learners miss oral information , 2012, Comput. Educ..

[19]  David K. Farkas A brief assessment of Michael Alley's ideas regarding the design of PowerPoint slides 1 , 2010 .

[20]  Elizabeth Rowley-Jolivet Different Visions, Different Visuals: a Social Semiotic Analysis of Field-Specific Visual Composition in Scientific Conference Presentations , 2004 .

[21]  James C. McCroskey An introduction to rhetorical communication : a western rhetorical perspective , 2006 .

[22]  Stephen M. Kosslyn,et al.  PowerPoint® Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis , 2012, Front. Psychology.

[23]  Edward Downs,et al.  iPedagogy: Using Multimedia Learning Theory to iDentify Best Practices for MP3 Player Use in Higher Education , 2011 .

[24]  Wim Blokzijl,et al.  The Instructor as Stagehand , 2004 .

[25]  A. Bandura Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy. , 1989 .

[26]  Alfred Bork,et al.  Multimedia in Learning , 2001 .

[27]  Kerry Shephard Presenting at Conferences, Seminars and Meetings , 2005 .

[28]  G. Tuson,et al.  The art of public speaking. , 1991, Health estate journal : journal of the Institute of Hospital Engineering.

[29]  Philipp Niemann,et al.  Visualizing science: the reception of powerpoint presentations , 2012 .

[30]  J. Sweller,et al.  The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning: The Modality Principle in Multimedia Learning , 2005 .

[31]  James C. McCroskey,et al.  An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication , 1971 .

[32]  A. Strauss,et al.  The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research aldine de gruyter , 1968 .

[33]  Michael Grossman,et al.  Writing and Presenting Scientific Papers , 2000 .

[34]  M. Valcke,et al.  The impact of goal orientation, self-reflection and personal characteristics on the acquisition of oral presentation skills , 2009 .

[35]  R. Mayer,et al.  Animation as an Aid to Multimedia Learning , 2002 .

[36]  Cliff Atkinson Beyond Bullet Points: Using Microsoft PowerPoint to Create Presentations That Inform, Motivate, and Inspire (Bpg-Other) , 2005 .

[37]  R. Mayer,et al.  A Split-Attention Effect in Multimedia Learning: Evidence for Dual Processing Systems in Working Memory , 1998 .

[38]  Debbie D. DuFrene,et al.  Concept, Content, Construction, and Contingencies: Getting the Horse Before the PowerPoint Cart , 2004 .