VR simulation of abdominal trauma surgery.

In this paper we describe a test-bed we have developed for simulation of abdominal trauma surgery. The abdominal surgery scene is highly complex and contains many layers of deformable organs. Representing this layered and deformable anatomy with models that can interact, be probed and cut presents a unique challenge. We have met this challenge by applying a variety of technology advances in deformable models, computer graphics, and force-feedback (haptic) interfaces.