Machine vibration : Alignment

Preface. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1-Introduction. What is Alignment?. Why Be Concerned?. History. Chapter 2-Diagnosing Misalignment. Static Diagnosis. Diagnosing Misalignment While Operating. Misalignment Versus Unbalance. Chapter 3-Measuring Misalignment. Metrology. Geometric Features. Dial Indicators. Measuring Rotating Shafts. Graphical Calculations. Measuring Stationary Objects. Mechanical Distance Measurements. Electronic Transducers. Computers. Offset Versus Runout. Chapter 4-Preparing for the Task. Strategy. Gather Machine Information. Prepare Measuring Instruments. Prepare Tools. Pre-Alignment Checks at the Machine. Chapter 5-Rough Methods. Chapter 6-Reverse Indicator. Setups. Principles. Advantages and Limitations. Mathematical Formulas. Graphical Plotting. Plotting Examples. Variations. Chapter 7-Face and Rim. Setups. Theory. Calculations. Example Problem. Variations. Comparison of Methods. Chapter 8-Moving Machines. Tools. Gaining Access. Measurement. Calculation. Movement. Prepare to Operate. Procedure. Axial Positioning. Vertical Moves. Horizontal Moves. Strategy. Moving While Operating. Chapter 9-Alignment Tolerances. Metrology. Coupling Tolerances. How Long Should Alignment Take?. When to Stop. Bearing Stiffness and Vibration. Chapter 10-Complicating Factors. Nonrepeatable Measurements. Poor Foundations. Symptoms of Resonance. Tests for Resonance. Fixes for Resonance. Case History of a Diesel Engine with a Base Resonance. Bent Shaft. Casing Distortion. Bar Sag. Mechanical Changes. Piping Strain. Thrust Forces. Torques. Hydraulic Forces. Shaft Riding Up on the Oil Wedge. Gear Reactions. Thermal Growth. Field Measurements of Growth. Dial Indicator. Proximity Probes Mounted on Water-Cooled Stands. Benchmark Gages. Dodd Bars. Instrumented Coupling. Optical Measurement. Lasers. Vernier-Strobe. Hot Alignment. Growth Compensation. Reference List. Chapter 11-Drive Shafts. Straight-Line Methods. Rim-Rim Method. Face-Face. Shaft Sag. Quill Shaft. Chapter 12-Large, Heavy, or Multiple Machines. Initial Placement. Natural Sag Curve. Chapter 13-Flange-Mounted Equipment. Chapter 14-Single-Bearing Machines. Close-Coupled Equipment. Chapter 15-Reciprocating Machines. Foundation Stiffness. Alignment Offsets and Heat. Torsion. Chapter 16-Component Alignment. Bearing Alignment. Self-Aligning Bearings. Gear Alignment. Pulley Alignment. Chapter 17-Optical Tooling. Instruments. Methods. Chapter 18-Laser Alignment. Technology of Laser. Advantages and Disadvantages. Chapter 19-Couplings. Purpose and Theory. Types of Couplings. Rigid Cylinder. Rigid Flanges. Rigid Compression. Quill Shaft. Flexible Shafts. Spring Couplings. Metal Bellows. Beam Coupling. Roller Chain. Gear. Steel Grid. Link Coupling. Flexible Disk. Contoured Diaphragm. Sliding Block and Sliding Disk. Rotating Link. Cardan Joints. Elastomeric Compression. Elastomeric Shear. Fluid Couplings. Magnetic Coupling. Selection Criteria. Appendix A-Alignment Tools and Supplies. Appendix B-Drawings. Appendix C-Formulas. Appendix D-Alignment Standard for New and Rebuilt. Equipment. Bibliography. Index.