Mobility and working opportunities in the EU and Slovakia

* This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No. APVV-160091. A previous version of this paper has been presented and discussed at the 13th International Conference "Challenges of Europe: Growth, Competitiveness, Innovation and Well-Being", organized by Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism Split, in May 2019. Management – Journal of Contemporary Management Issues is one of the supporting journals of the Conference. All the papers have been reviewed and revised, according to the standards of this Journal. ** Ľubica Bajzíková, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, E-mail: lubica. bajzikova@fm.uniba.sk *** Peter Bajzik, PhD, Faculty of Management, Comenius University in Bratislava, E-mail: peter.bajzik@fm.uniba.sk Abstract. Current globalisation processes witness the mobility and migration of labour as their characteristic features. The free movement of people and workers is one of the rights of citizens of the European Union (EU), and includes the right to move, to reside and to work in an EU member state without discrimination. The aim of this paper is to analyse the labour mobility within the EU with special attention to Slovakia. In its historical development, Slovakia belonged to countries with population migrating predominantly to foreign countries and was not a traditional destination country for migrants. However, today it has gradually become a state that employs foreign labour, especially in production plants. This change has not only been contributed to by Slovakia’s accession to the EU, but especially by the economic development of the state and the creation of new job opportunities for both domestic and foreign labour. The study analyses the intra-mobility in Slovakia and focuses on analysis of the trends in employment of foreign workers from EU and non-EU member states between 2007 and 2019. For the purposes of this paper, data were extracted from a relatively large number of prominent sources, for example: the European Commission, Eurostat, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) reports, and the Slovak Statistical Office resources related to labour mobility. In the desk research, the collected information were analysed and subjected to critical multidimensional assessment from quantitative, absolute, and relative, as well as cross-sectional perspectives. Special attention was paid to analysis of documentation that accompanied these data. The significance of the examined topic is underlined by the fact that Slovakia is currently a recipient of foreign labour due to insufficient qualification of domestic labour. It therefore introduces new legislative measures to speed up the employment process, remove administrative barriers and, in cooperation with employers, accelerate the process of adaptation to new work-related conditions, especially for workers from non-EU countries. In addition, employment of third-country nationals in Slovakia is a relatively demanding and lengthy process. On the one hand, the employment of foreigners contributes to economic development. On the other hand, this process stirs various problems, which are mainly related to cultural and social integration, and the removal of which cannot be achieved only through the legal regulations.