Design as Scientific Problem-Solving

Following Proclus’ aphorism that “it is necessary to know beforehand what is sought,” a ground rule of intellectual endeavor seems to be that any new field of study, to be recognized properly, must first scrutinize its bounds and objectives: where it stands in the universe and how it proposes to relate to the established disciplines. Such clarification is the object of this chapter.

[1]  Harold Maurice Collins,et al.  An empirical relativist programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge , 1983 .

[2]  Andrew Lewis Ressler.  A circuit grammar for operational amplifier design , 1984 .

[3]  A. H. Bond,et al.  A formal approach for product model information , 1991 .

[4]  Pierre E. Bézier.  CADCAM: past, requirements, trends , 1984 .

[5]  Nam P. Suh,et al.  On an Axiomatic Approach to Manufacturing and Manufacturing Systems , 1978 .

[6]  Jesse C. Jones,et al.  The Engineering Design Process , 1993 .

[7]  W. Spillers.  Basic questions of design theory , 1976 .

[8]  J. Hunt,et al.  Personality and the behavior disorders , 1944 .

[9]  J. Elfes A. and Talukdar S.N. Rehg.  CASE : Computer-Aided Simultaneous Engineering , 1988 .

[10]  A. W. Westerberg,et al.  DISTRIBUTED AND COLLABORATIVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENVIRONMENTS IN PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN , 1996 .

[11]  Gerald Holton.  Introduction to Concepts and Theories in Physical Science , 1952 .

[12]  P. Schönemann.  On artificial intelligence , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[13]  Steven J. Fenves,et al.  Representing spatial abstractions of constructed facilities , 1992 .

[14]  Drew McDermott,et al.  Introduction to artificial intelligence , 1986, Addison-Wesley series in computer science.

[15]  Eswaran Subrahmanian,et al.  Materials Information and Conceptual Data Modeling , 1992 .

[16]  Bryan Lawson,et al.  How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified , 1990 .

[17]  Michael A. Arbib,et al.  The Design of Well-Structured and Correct Programs , 1978, Texts and Monographs in Computer Science.

[18]  Louis I. Steinberg.  Design as Refinement Plus Constraint Propagation: The VEXED Experience , 1987, AAAI.

[19]  John S. Gero,et al.  Knowledge-Based Design Systems , 1989 .

[20]  I. Lakatos.  PROOFS AND REFUTATIONS (I)*† , 1963, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.

[21]  Vinod Goel,et al.  Motivating the Notion of Generic Design within Information-Processing Theory: The Design Problem Space , 1989, AI Mag..

[22]  D. Schoen.  The Reflective Practitioner , 1983 .

[23]  J Rinderle.  Function and form relationships : a basis for preliminary design , 1987 .

[24]  Michael Mulkay,et al.  Knowledge and Utility: Implications for the Sociology of Knowledge , 1979 .

[25]  B. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Design Problem Solving: A Task Analysis , 1990, AI Mag..

[26]  Joseph Agassi,et al.  Technology, Philosophical And Social Aspects , 1985 .

[27]  Peter Henderson,et al.  Functional programming - application and implementation , 1980, Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science.

[28]  Vladimir Hubka,et al.  Principles of engineering design , 1982 .

[29]  John Lansdown,et al.  The creative aspects of CAD: a possible approach , 1987 .

[30]  M. Masterman.  Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge: The Nature of a Paradigm , 1970 .

[31]  Christopher Tong,et al.  Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design , 1992 .

[32]  Janet L. Kolodner,et al.  A Process Model of Cased-Based Reasoning in Problem Solving , 1985, IJCAI.

[33]  Reg Talbot.  Design: Science: Method , 1981 .

[34]  I. Lakatos,et al.  Proofs and Refutations: Frontmatter , 1976 .

[35]  James N. Siddall,et al.  Optimal Engineering Design: Principles and Applications , 1982 .

[36]  P. Bernus,et al.  BookDesign theory for CAD: H Yoshikawa and E A Warman (eds) North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1987) 460 pp DFl 175.00 , 1989 .

[37]  Oded Maimon,et al.  On the complexity of the design synthesis problem , 1996, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[38]  George Ellwood Dieter,et al.  Engineering Design: A Materials and Processing Approach , 1983 .

[39]  Karl T. Ulrich,et al.  Computation and Pre-Parametric Design , 1988 .

[40]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  The Structure of Ill Structured Problems , 1973, Artif. Intell..

[41]  B. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Natural and Social System Metaphors for Distributed Problem Solving: Introduction to the Issue , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[42]  Michael N. Huhns,et al.  Argo: an analogical reasoning system for solving design problems , 1992 .

[43]  Nam P. Suh,et al.  Design and operation of large systems , 1995 .

[44]  Sanjaya Addanki,et al.  PROMPT: An Innovative Design Tool , 1987, AAAI.

[45]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  Scientific discovery: compulalional explorations of the creative process , 1987 .

[46]  R. Westrum.  The Social Construction of Technological Systems , 1989 .

[47]  P. Johnson-Laird.  The computer and the mind: an introduction to cognitive science , 1988 .

[48]  Eswaran Subrahmanian,et al.  Equations aren’t enough: informal modeling in design , 1993, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[49]  Marco Tomassini,et al.  A phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and epigenetic view of bio-inspired hardware systems , 1997, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[50]  John Luckman,et al.  An Approach to the Management of Design , 1967 .

[51]  Subrata Dasgupta,et al.  Design Theory and Computer Science , 1992, IEEE Expert.

[52]  Allen Newell,et al.  Human Problem Solving. , 1973 .

[53]  Nam P. Suh,et al.  principles in design , 1990 .

[54]  Robert Balzer,et al.  On the inevitable intertwining of specification and implementation , 1982, CACM.

[55]  I. Lakatos,et al.  Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge: Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes , 1970 .

[56]  J. Christopher Jones,et al.  Design methods: Seeds of human futures , 1970 .

[57]  Bo-Christer Björk,et al.  Basic structure of a proposed building product model , 1989 .

[58]  Allen Newell,et al.  Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search , 1976, CACM.

[59]  Mary Lou Maher.  A knowledge-based approach to preliminary design synthesis , 1987 .

[60]  George Stephanopoulos,et al.  Knowledge-Based System Applications in Engineering Design: Research at MIT , 1989, AI Mag..

[61]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems: An Introduction , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[62]  H. Rittel,et al.  Dilemmas in a general theory of planning , 1973 .

[63]  Steven J. Fenves,et al.  Integrated software environment for building design and construction , 1990, Comput. Aided Des..

[64]  Gordon Lindsay Glegg,et al.  The science of design , 1973 .

[65]  James H. Fetzer.  Program verification: the very idea , 1988, CACM.

[66]  J. Hauser,et al.  The House of Quality , 1988 .

[67]  Subrata Dasgupta,et al.  The Structure of Design Processes , 1989, Adv. Comput..

[68]  S. Gould,et al.  Ontogeny and Phylogeny , 1978 .

[69]  Carl Hewitt,et al.  The Scientific Community Metaphor , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[70]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , 1978 .

[71]  Norwood Russell Hanson,et al.  The Logic of Discovery , 1958 .

[72]  Nam P. Suh,et al.  Measures of Functional Coupling in Design , 1982 .

[73]  Oded Maimon,et al.  A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF DESIGN Modeling the Design Process (Part II) , 1999 .

[74]  Altshuller.  Creativity As an Exact Science , 1984 .

[75]  The story of the bicycle , 1970 .

[76]  Vladimir Hubka,et al.  Theory of Technical Systems , 1988 .

[77]  W. E. Eder,et al.  Theory of Technical Systems: A Total Concept Theory for Engineering Design , 1988 .

[78]  Richard J. Lipton,et al.  Social processes and proofs of theorems and programs , 1977, POPL.

[79]  John R. Dixon,et al.  On research methodology towards a scientific theory of engineering design , 1987, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[80]  David P. Billington,et al.  Robert Maillart's bridges : the art of engineering , 1979 .

[81]  Gerald Roylance.  A Simple Model of Circuit Design , 1980 .

[82]  H. Simon,et al.  Models of Bounded Rationality: Empirically Grounded Economic Reason , 1997 .

[83]  I. Lakatos.  Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes , 1976 .

[84]  S M Manton.  Engineering for Quality , 1988 .

[85]  Michael D. Rychener.  Expert Systems for Engineering Design , 1988 .

[86]  Chuck Rieger,et al.  The Declarative Representation and Procedural Simulation of Causality in Physical Mechanisms , 1977, IJCAI.

[87]  Naomasa Nakajima,et al.  Detection of unanticipated functions of machines. , 1986 .

[88]  T. Kuhn,et al.  Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge: Reflections on my Critics , 1970 .

[89]  A. Flew,et al.  Patterns of Discovery. , 1961 .

[90]  David C. Brown,et al.  Knowledge and Control for a Mechanical Design Expert System , 1986, Computer.

[91]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  The Sciences of the Artificial , 1970 .

[92]  Erik K. Antonsson,et al.  Development and Testing of Hypotheses in Engineering Design Research , 1987 .

[93]  Christopher Hing Tong,et al.  Knowledge-based circuit design , 1988 .

[94]  A. Ramsay.  Formal Methods in Artificial Intelligence , 1988 .

[95]  T. Broadbent,et al.  Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge , 1972 .

[96]  R. Swinburne,et al.  The Philosophy of Karl Popper , 1975 .

[97]  T. Kuhn,et al.  The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. , 1964 .

[98]  H. M. Collins,et al.  The Seven Sexes: A Study in the Sociology of a Phenomenon, or the Replication of Experiments in Physics , 1975 .

[99]  Eugene S. Ferguson,et al.  Engineering and the Mind's Eye , 1994 .

[100]  Karin D. Knorr-Cetina,et al.  Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Study of Science ed. by Karin D. Knorr-Cetina, Michael Mulkay (review) , 1983 .

[101]  David Bloor,et al.  Wittgenstein and Mannheim on the sociology of mathematics , 1973 .

[102]  Jack Mostow,et al.  Toward Better Models of the Design Process , 1985, AI Mag..

[103]  Eswaran Subrahmanian,et al.  Shared memory in design: A unifying theme for research and practice , 1992 .

[104]  L. Laudan.  Progress and Its Problems , 1977 .

[105]  Norwood Russell Hanson,et al.  An Anatomy of Discovery , 1967 .

[106]  Michael R. Lowry,et al.  Learning Physical Descriptions From Functional Definitions, Examples, and Precedents , 1983, AAAI.

[107]  Allen Newell,et al.  Problem solving techniques for the design of algorithms , 1984, Inf. Process. Manag..

[108]  Charles N. Eastman,et al.  Spatial Synthesis in Computer-Aided Building Design , 1975 .

[109]  Allen Newell,et al.  A Model for Functional Reasoning in Design , 1971, IJCAI.

[110]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  Logic and Artificial Intelligence , 1991, Artif. Intell..

[111]  Joseph Varghese,et al.  Knowledge-Based Code Selection Methods in Retargetable Microcode Synthesis , 1985, IEEE Design & Test of Computers.

[112]  C. Lindblom.  THE SCIENCE OF MUDDLING THROUGH , 1959 .