Framework for ontology-driven decision making

Decision making is an important part of human activities, and is a very active area of research. In this article, a formal framework for decision making is developed. At the heart of the framework is an ontology for the decision making process that classifies both the kinds of data that are available for the decision making process and the modes of reasoning that are used to develop situation awareness and to make decisions. This ontology-driven framework resolves two outstanding problems in decision making systems: providing a theoretical foundation and declarative language support. Concerns are addressed such as providing for multiple notions of time, recording the activities used in decision making, and maintaining the provenance of both data and activities. A process model is developed that allows for flexible execution of the activities, including either synchronous or asynchronous processing and for exploring alternative or concurrent branches at any stage of the process. Detailed implementation techniques are presented. An issue tracking system is used as a running example to illustrate the concepts being developed. Use cases for the framework are given in a variety of domains including customer support, healthcare, cloud services, and the Internet of Things.

[1]  M.M. Kokar,et al.  Lessons learned from developing SAWA: a situation awareness assistant , 2005, 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion.

[2]  Gary Klein,et al.  Making Sense of Sensemaking 2: A Macrocognitive Model , 2006, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[3]  Steven G. Darian,et al.  Understanding the Language of Science , 2003 .

[4]  Dieter Gawlick,et al.  Situation aware computing for big data , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data).

[5]  Dieter Gawlick,et al.  An integrated data management approach to manage health care data , 2009, DEBS '09.

[6]  George W. Furnas,et al.  Making sense of sensemaking , 2005, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[7]  N. Cocchiarella,et al.  Situations and Attitudes. , 1986 .

[8]  Gary Klein,et al.  Making Sense of Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives , 2006, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[9]  Dimitrios Georgakopoulos.  Engineering OODA Systems: Architectures, Applications, and Research Areas , 2008, OTM Conferences.

[10]  Kenneth Baclawski,et al.  A core ontology for situation awareness , 2003, Sixth International Conference of Information Fusion, 2003. Proceedings of the.

[11]  Alan N. Steinberg,et al.  Revisions to the JDL data fusion model , 1999, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[13]  J. Barwise,et al.  Scenes and other Situations , 1981 .

[14]  Ian Horrocks,et al.  FaCT++ Description Logic Reasoner: System Description , 2006, IJCAR.

[15]  Dieter Gawlick,et al.  Managing Expressions as Data in Relational Database Systems , 2003, CIDR.

[16]  Peter F. Patel-Schneider,et al.  OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer (Second Edition) , 2012 .

[17]  Kenneth Baclawski,et al.  Ontology Summit 2014 Session 05 Track D: Tackling the Variety Problem in Big Data - I , 2014 .

[18]  J. Pearl.  Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference , 2000 .

[19]  Kenneth Baclawski,et al.  Formalization of Situation Awareness , 2003 .

[20]  Andreas Behrend,et al.  KIDS - A Model for Developing Evolutionary Database Applications , 2012, DATA.

[21]  Mieczyslaw M. Kokar,et al.  SAWA: an assistant for higher-level fusion and situation awareness , 2005, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[22]  Van Nederveen,et al.  Science, Strategy and War: The Strategic Theory of John Boyd , 2008 .

[23]  F. E..  A Relational Model of Data Large Shared Data Banks , 2000 .

[24]  Keith Devlin,et al.  Logic and information , 1991 .

[25]  Tom Gaertner.  Reasoning And The Logic Of Things , 2016 .

[26]  R Flin,et al.  Beyond monitoring: distributed situation awareness in anaesthesia. , 2010, British journal of anaesthesia.

[27]  Eric S. Toner.  Creating Situational Awareness: A Systems Approach , 2009 .

[28]  Dieter Gawlick,et al.  Mastering Situation Awareness: The Next Big Challenge? , 2015, SGMD.

[29]  E. F. CODD,et al.  A relational model of data for large shared data banks , 1970, CACM.

[30]  Tim Berners-Lee,et al.  Linked Data - The Story So Far , 2009, Int. J. Semantic Web Inf. Syst..

[31]  K. Jon Barwise,et al.  The situation in logic , 1989, CSLI lecture notes series.

[32]  LiuZhen Hua,et al.  Mastering Situation Awareness , 2015 .

[33]  Elena Kornyshova,et al.  Decision-Making Ontology for Information System Engineering , 2010, ER.

[34]  Charles L. Forgy,et al.  Rete: a fast algorithm for the many pattern/many object pattern match problem , 1991 .

[35]  Michael McGill,et al.  Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval , 1983 .

[36]  Bernd Bruegge,et al.  Object-Oriented Software Engineering Using UML, Patterns, and Java , 2009 .