Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, nanogels and capsules for integrated multifunctional intelligent systems

Abstract In this review we provide an analysis of recent literature reports on the synthesis and applications of stimuli-responsive polymeric and hybrid nanostructured particles in a range of sizes from nanometers to a few micrometers: nano- and microgels, core–shell structures, polymerosomes, block-copolymer micelles, and more complex architectures. The review consists of two major parts: synthesis and applications of nanoparticles in colloidal dispersions, thin films, delivery devices and sensors. We also broadly discuss potential directions for further developments of this research area.

[1]  S. Armes,et al.  A brief review of ‘schizophrenic’ block copolymers , 2006 .

[2]  Serge Ravaine,et al.  Design and synthesis of Janus micro- and nanoparticles , 2005 .

[3]  Alberto Fernandez-Nieves,et al.  Colloidal assembly route for responsive colloidosomes with tunable permeability. , 2007, Nano letters.

[4]  G. Franks,et al.  The role of particles in stabilising foams and emulsions. , 2008, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[5]  A. Hoffman,et al.  Synthesis of monodisperse biotinylated p(NIPAAm)-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and their bioconjugation to streptavidin. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[6]  W. Meier,et al.  Stimuli-responsive polymersomes as nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. , 2009, Macromolecular bioscience.

[7]  S. Granick,et al.  Simple method to produce Janus colloidal particles in large quantity. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[8]  Olof Ramström,et al.  Molecular imprinting technology: challenges and prospects for the future , 1998 .

[9]  M. Bodnár,et al.  Synthesis and study of cross-linked chitosan-N-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[10]  Frank S Bates,et al.  On the Origins of Morphological Complexity in Block Copolymer Surfactants , 2003, Science.

[11]  Marcus Müller,et al.  Two-level structured self-adaptive surfaces with reversibly tunable properties. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[12]  S. Minko,et al.  Low Adhesive Surfaces that Adapt to Changing Environments , 2009 .

[13]  Jian Zhou,et al.  Bioelectrocatalytic system coupled with enzyme-based biocomputing ensembles performing boolean logic operations: approaching "smart" physiologically controlled biointerfaces. , 2009, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[14]  G. J. Fleer,et al.  Surface forces induced by ideal equilibrium polymers , 2003 .

[15]  B. Murray,et al.  Foam stability: proteins and nanoparticles , 2004 .

[16]  Jia Guo,et al.  Preparation and characterization of chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) polymer magnetic microspheres , 2006 .

[17]  Yaxin Xu,et al.  Synthesis of thermoresponsive silica nanoparticle/PNIPAM hybrids by aqueous surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization , 2007 .

[18]  X. Jiang,et al.  Thermosensitive Unimolecular Micelles Surface-Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles of Tunable Spatial Distribution , 2007 .

[19]  Sergiy Minko,et al.  Single nanoparticle plasmonic devices by the "grafting to" method. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[20]  W. Peukert,et al.  Amphiphilic invertible polyesters as reducing and stabilizing agents in the formation of metal nanoparticles , 2007 .

[21]  Yan Lu,et al.  Thermosensitive core-shell particles as carrier systems for metallic nanoparticles. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[22]  Igor Luzinov,et al.  Stimuli‐Responsive Colloidal Systems from Mixed Brush‐Coated Nanoparticles , 2007 .

[23]  Huan Li,et al.  Tunable Optical and Swelling/Deswelling Properties Associated with Control of the Coil-to-Globule Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in Polymer−Clay Nanocomposite Gels , 2007 .

[24]  C. Werner,et al.  Thermo-reversible swelling of thin hydrogel films immobilized by low-pressure plasma. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[25]  S. Thayumanavan,et al.  Redox, Ionic Strength, and pH Sensitive Supramolecular Polymer Assemblies. , 2009, Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry.

[26]  S. Minko,et al.  Nonwettable thin films from hybrid polymer brushes can be hydrophilic. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[27]  Yingli An,et al.  Thermoresponsive hydrogel of poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) as a nanoreactor of gold nanoparticles , 2007 .

[28]  I. Sokolov,et al.  Polyelectrolyte Stabilized Nanowires from Fe3O4 Nanoparticles via Magnetic Field Induced Self-Assembly , 2006 .

[29]  W. Peukert,et al.  An effective way to stabilize colloidal particles dispersed in polar and nonpolar media. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[30]  W. Peukert,et al.  Design of a new invertible polymer coating on a solid surface and its effect on dispersion colloidal stability. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[31]  M. Yokoyama,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of a Temperature-responsive Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Containing a Liquid Crystalline Unit , 2008 .

[32]  L. Lyon,et al.  Fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer analysis of crosslinker heterogeneity in core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles , 2003 .

[33]  E. W. Edwards,et al.  Capping gold nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive polymers to cross water-oil interfaces: In-depth insight to the trans-interfacial activity of nanoparticles , 2008 .

[34]  S. Minko,et al.  Multiresponsive, Hierarchically Structured Membranes: New, Challenging, Biomimetic Materials for Biosensors, Controlled Release, Biochemical Gates, and Nanoreactors , 2009 .

[35]  Jeffrey A Hubbell,et al.  Glucose-oxidase based self-destructing polymeric vesicles. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[36]  Andreas Voigt,et al.  pH-controlled macromolecule encapsulation in and release from polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocapsules. , 2001 .

[37]  G. J. Fleer,et al.  Polymers at Interfaces , 1993 .

[38]  Ping Yao,et al.  Lysozyme-dextran core-shell nanogels prepared via a green process. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[39]  Bin Wang,et al.  Monodisperse temperature-responsive hollow polymer microspheres: Synthesis, characterization and biological application , 2008 .

[40]  A. Dinsmore,et al.  Particles on droplets: From fundamental physics to novel materials , 2006 .

[41]  Jinying Yuan,et al.  Copolymer logical switches adjusted through core-shell micelles: from temperature response to fluorescence response. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[42]  Michael L Klein,et al.  Self-assembly and properties of diblock copolymers by coarse-grain molecular dynamics , 2004, Nature materials.

[43]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Tegafur loading and release properties of magnetite/poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) nanoparticles. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[44]  B. Catargi,et al.  Glucose-responsive microgels with a core-shell structure. , 2008, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.

[45]  Antonio Giordano,et al.  Smart materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering , 2005, Journal of cellular physiology.

[46]  L. Mattoso,et al.  Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles using methacrylic acid. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[47]  G. Delaittre,et al.  Nitroxide‐Mediated Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: From Water‐Soluble Macroalkoxyamine to Thermosensitive Nanogels , 2007 .

[48]  Y. Jeong,et al.  pH-Induced Reversible Complexation of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(methacrylic acid) Copolymer Micelles , 2005 .

[49]  K. Janes,et al.  Polysaccharide colloidal particles as delivery systems for macromolecules. , 2001, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[50]  I. Voets,et al.  Complex coacervate core micelles. , 2009, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[51]  Weiyin Gu,et al.  Facile fabrication of hybrid nanoparticles surface grafted with multi‐responsive polymer brushes via block copolymer micellization and self‐catalyzed core gelation , 2008 .

[52]  J. Lahann,et al.  Environmentally responsive core/shell particles via electrohydrodynamic co-jetting of fully miscible polymer solutions. , 2008, Small.

[53]  B. Sumerlin,et al.  Folate-conjugated thermoresponsive block copolymers: highly efficient conjugation and solution self-assembly. , 2008, Biomacromolecules.

[54]  J. Martinho,et al.  Control of Oligonucleotide Distribution on the Shell of Thermo-responsive Polymer Nanoparticles , 2008 .

[55]  Yongjun Zhang,et al.  Fabrication of Hollow Capsules Based on Hydrogen Bonding , 2003 .

[56]  J. Kohlbrecher,et al.  Dynamic response of block copolymer wormlike micelles to shear flow , 2008, 0808.4054.

[57]  E. Katz,et al.  An electrochemical gate based on a stimuli-responsive membrane associated with an electrode surface. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[58]  J. Pomposo,et al.  Synthesis by RAFT and Ionic Responsiveness of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymers Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer Units , 2008 .

[59]  C. Pichot,et al.  Functionalized Thermosensitive Latex Particles: Useful Tools for Diagnostics , 2003 .

[60]  Gleb B. Sukhorukov,et al.  LAYER-BY-LAYER SELF ASSEMBLY OF POLYELECTROLYTES ON COLLOIDAL PARTICLES , 1998 .

[61]  H. Kawaguchi,et al.  Modification of gold nanoparticle composite nanostructures using thermosensitive core-shell particles as a template. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[62]  H. Kawaguchi,et al.  Janus microgels prepared by surfactant-free pickering emulsion-based modification and their self-assembly. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[63]  Qinglin Wu,et al.  Adsorption of Cu2+ ions with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) micro/nanoparticles , 2008 .

[64]  R. Hidalgo-Álvarez,et al.  Electrokinetic properties, colloidal stability and aggregation kinetics of polymer colloids , 1996 .

[65]  Frank Simon,et al.  Synthesis of Adaptive Polymer Brushes via “Grafting To” Approach from Melt , 2002 .

[66]  H. Kawaguchi,et al.  Temperature-sensitive hairy particles prepared by living radical graft polymerization. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[67]  Abdelhamid Elaissari,et al.  Colloidal nanoparticles in biotechnology , 2008 .

[68]  J. Hildebrand,et al.  THE THEORY OF EMULSIFICATION1 , 1923 .

[69]  U. Schubert,et al.  Star-block copolymers as templates for the preparation of stable gold nanoparticles. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[70]  Hyo-Jick Choi,et al.  Artificial organelle: ATP synthesis from cellular mimetic polymersomes. , 2005, Nano letters.

[71]  Xianzhi Guo,et al.  Synthesis of well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) by a versatile approach and micellization. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[72]  Frank Caruso,et al.  Nanoengineering of particle surfaces. , 2001 .

[73]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Microcapsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: templating and stimuli-responsive properties. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[74]  E. Gil,et al.  Stimuli-reponsive polymers and their bioconjugates , 2004 .

[75]  J. Schlenoff,et al.  Multilayer Assemblies of Redox Polyelectrolytes , 1997 .

[76]  C. Hofman-Caris.  POLYMERS AT THE SURFACE OF OXIDE NANOPARTICLES , 1994 .

[77]  F. Caruso,et al.  Decomposable hollow biopolymer capsules. , 2001 .

[78]  Dong Hoon Lee,et al.  A hierarchical self-assembly route to three-dimensional polymer-quantum dot photonic arrays. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[79]  Leonid Ionov,et al.  Stimuli-Responsive Bicomponent Polymer Janus Particles by Grafting from / Grafting to Approaches , 2008 .

[80]  Takashi Miyata,et al.  A reversibly antigen-responsive hydrogel , 1999, Nature.

[81]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Shell-in-shell microcapsules: a novel tool for integrated, spatially confined enzymatic reactions. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[82]  Vincent M. Rotello,et al.  Applications of Nanoparticles in Biology , 2008 .

[83]  Jian Zhou,et al.  Biochemically controlled bioelectrocatalytic interface. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[84]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Thermosensitive hollow capsules based on thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes , 2003 .

[85]  M. Bodnár,et al.  Preparation and characterization of chitosan-based nanoparticles. , 2005, Biomacromolecules.

[86]  M. Garcia‐Fuentes,et al.  Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. , 2009, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[87]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Behavior of temperature-sensitive PNIPAM confined in polyelectrolyte capsules. , 2006, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[88]  F. Lafuma,et al.  Responsive hybrid self-assemblies in aqueous media. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[89]  Mitsuhiro Ebara,et al.  Dual magnetic-/temperature-responsive nanoparticles for microfluidic separations and assays. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[90]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Multiple Micellization and Dissociation Transitions of Thermo- and Light-Sensitive Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ethoxytri(ethylene glycol) acrylate-co-o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) in Water , 2008 .

[91]  Neutral and charged polymers at interfaces , 2002, cond-mat/0203364.

[92]  Rein V. Ulijn,et al.  Enzyme-responsive materials: a new class of smart biomaterials , 2006 .

[93]  Jinhua Hu,et al.  Stable and pH-sensitive nanogels prepared by self-assembly of chitosan and ovalbumin. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[94]  E. Blomberg,et al.  Protein interactions at solid surfaces , 1995 .

[95]  J. Z. Hilt,et al.  Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide)-based hydrogel coatings on magnetite nanoparticles via atom transfer radical polymerization , 2008, Nanotechnology.

[96]  Bernard Yurke,et al.  Use of DNA Nanodevices in Modulating the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylamide Gels , 2005, DNA.

[97]  Li Liu,et al.  Double-responsive polymer brushes on the surface of colloid particles. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[98]  F. Caruso,et al.  Ultrathin, responsive polymer click capsules. , 2007, Nano letters.

[99]  B. Ninham,et al.  Theory of self-assembly of hydrocarbon amphiphiles into micelles and bilayers , 1976 .

[100]  H. Jiang,et al.  Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Grafted with a Thermoresponsive Polymer by Surface-Induced Reversible-Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization , 2003 .

[101]  Serge Ravaine,et al.  Pickering emulsions with stimulable particles: from highly- to weakly-covered interfaces. , 2007, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[102]  T. Wei.  Layer-by-Layer Assembled Microcapsules:Fabrication,Stimuli-responsivity,Loading and Release , 2008 .

[103]  I. Voets,et al.  pH and ionic strength responsive polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization , 2009 .

[104]  E. Zubarev,et al.  Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles with V-shaped arms. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[105]  S. Sukhishvili,et al.  Hydrogen-bonded polymer capsules formed by layer-by-layer self-assembly , 2003 .

[106]  F. Caruso,et al.  Synthesis, multilayer film assembly, and capsule formation of macromolecularly engineered acrylic acid and styrene sulfonate block copolymers. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[107]  M. Márquez,et al.  Temperature-responsive semipermeable capsules composed of colloidal microgel spheres. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[108]  D. Hammer,et al.  Polymersomes: tough vesicles made from diblock copolymers. , 1999, Science.

[109]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Physical chemistry of encapsulation and release , 2004 .

[110]  S. Zhang,et al.  Novel polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan-chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery. II. Release of albumin in vitro. , 2005, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[111]  Yajun Wang,et al.  Enzyme encapsulation in nanoporous silica spheres. , 2004, Chemical communications.

[112]  S. Thayumanavan,et al.  Disassembly of noncovalent amphiphilic polymers with proteins and utility in pattern sensing. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[113]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Environmentally responsive "hairy" nanoparticles: mixed homopolymer brushes on silica nanoparticles synthesized by living radical polymerization techniques. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[114]  Shiyong Liu,et al.  One-pot synthesis of amphiphilic polymeric janus particles and their self-assembly into supermicelles with a narrow size distribution. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[115]  H. Möhwald,et al.  pH-responsive protein microcapsules fabricated via glutaraldehyde mediated covalent layer-by-layer assembly , 2008 .

[116]  S. Minko,et al.  Multiresponsive Biopolyelectrolyte Membrane , 2008 .

[117]  T. S. Horozov,et al.  Foams and foam films stabilised by solid particles , 2008 .

[118]  M. Morbidelli,et al.  Synthesis of temperature responsive polymer brushes from polystyrene latex particles functionalized with ATRP initiator , 2007 .

[119]  Jian Zhou,et al.  An integrated multifunctional nanosystem from command nanoparticles and enzymes. , 2009, Small.

[120]  T. A. Hatton,et al.  Preparation and controlled self-assembly of Janus magnetic nanoparticles. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[121]  M. Bohmer,et al.  Weak polyelectrolytes between two surfaces: adsorption and stabilization , 1990 .

[122]  J. Rieger,et al.  Pegylated thermally responsive block copolymer micelles and nanogels via in situ RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization , 2009 .

[123]  Xiaohong Cao,et al.  Self-assembled micellar nanoparticles of a novel star copolymer for thermo and pH dual-responsive drug release. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[124]  S. Armes,et al.  Tunable diblock copolymer micelles-adapting behaviour via subtle chemical modifications. , 2005, Faraday discussions.

[125]  W. Brittain,et al.  Surface rearrangement of diblock copolymer brushes : Stimuli responsive films , 2006 .

[126]  G. J. Fleer,et al.  Adsorption of weak polyelectrolytes on highly charged surfaces. Poly(acrylic acid) on polystyrene latex with strong cationic groups , 1990 .

[127]  Yufang Zhu,et al.  Stimuli-responsive controlled drug release from a hollow mesoporous silica sphere/polyelectrolyte multilayer core-shell structure. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[128]  Evgeny Katz,et al.  Chemical gating with nanostructured responsive polymer brushes: mixed brush versus homopolymer brush. , 2008, ACS nano.

[129]  Zhiyong Meng,et al.  Thermoresponsive microgel-based materials. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[130]  Xiaofeng Wang,et al.  Fabrication of Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles Densely Grafted with Thermoresponsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes of Controlled Thickness via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization , 2008 .

[131]  A. Dobrynin,et al.  Theory of polyelectrolytes in solutions and at surfaces , 2005 .

[132]  Linqi Shi,et al.  Responsive catalysis of thermoresponsive micelle-supported gold nanoparticles , 2007 .

[133]  Changren Zhou,et al.  Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[134]  Michiya Matsusaki,et al.  Enzyme-responsive release of encapsulated proteins from biodegradable hollow capsules. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[135]  Andrés J. García,et al.  Engineering cell adhesive surfaces that direct integrin α5β1 binding using a recombinant fragment of fibronectin , 2003 .

[136]  Patrick Keller,et al.  Stimuli-responsive polymer vesicles , 2009 .

[137]  Yingli An,et al.  Temperature-responsive multilayered micelles formed from the complexation of PNIPAM-b-P4VP block-copolymer and PS-b-PAA core-shell micelles , 2008 .

[138]  A. Hoffman,et al.  Bioconjugates of intelligent polymers and recognition proteins for use in diagnostics and affinity separations. , 2000, Clinical chemistry.

[139]  B. Sumerlin,et al.  Triply-responsive boronic acid block copolymers: solution self-assembly induced by changes in temperature, pH, or sugar concentration. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[140]  Christine Allen,et al.  Nano-engineering block copolymer aggregates for drug delivery , 1999 .

[141]  Ludovic Jullien,et al.  Synthesis and properties of water-soluble gold colloids covalently derivatized with neutral polymer monolayers. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[142]  B. Binks.  Particles as surfactants—similarities and differences , 2002 .

[143]  B. Sarmento,et al.  Development and characterization of new insulin containing polysaccharide nanoparticles. , 2006, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[144]  Guiying Li,et al.  Self-assembly of thermo- and pH-responsive poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) micelles for drug delivery , 2008 .

[145]  S. Minko,et al.  Responsive Polyelectrolyte Gel Membranes , 2006 .

[146]  S. Minko.  Responsive Polymer Brushes , 2006 .

[147]  R. Israels.  Adsorption of charged di-block copolymers : effect on colloidal stability , 1995 .

[148]  Brush-sheathed particles diffusing at brush-coated surfaces in the thermally responsive PNIPAAm system. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[149]  H. Jiang,et al.  Optical properties of thermally responsive amphiphilic gold nanoparticles protected with polymers. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[150]  Chi Wu,et al.  Double hydrophilic block copolymer monolayer protected hybrid gold nanoparticles and their shell cross-linking. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[151]  V. Maheshwari,et al.  High-Resolution Thin-Film Device to Sense Texture by Touch , 2006, Science.

[152]  S. Minko,et al.  Adsorption of polyelectrolyte versus surface charge: in situ single-molecule atomic force microscopy experiments on similarly, oppositely, and heterogeneously charged surfaces. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[153]  Sung Min Kang,et al.  Formation of Thermoresponsive Gold Nanoparticle/PNIPAAm Hybrids by Surface‐Initiated, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Media , 2005 .

[154]  W. Richtering,et al.  Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Thermoresponsive P(NiPAM-co-MAA) Microgel: Effect of Ionic Strength and Molecular Weight , 2009 .

[155]  Ick Chan Kwon,et al.  Engineered polymers for advanced drug delivery. , 2009, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[156]  Wuli Yang,et al.  A Novel Approach for Preparation of Thermoresponsive Polymer Magnetic Microspheres with Core–Shell Structure , 2003 .

[157]  Markus Antonietti,et al.  Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Structure-Controlled Nanomaterial Hybrids , 1998 .

[158]  F. Caruso,et al.  Magnetic Nanocomposite Particles and Hollow Spheres Constructed by a Sequential Layering Approach , 2001 .

[159]  Junbai Li,et al.  Thermosensitive copolymer networks modify gold nanoparticles for nanocomposite entrapment. , 2007, Chemistry.

[160]  K. Ishizu,et al.  Aggregation behaviors of AB-type brush-block-brush amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous media , 2004 .

[161]  S. Armes,et al.  A Schizophrenic Water-Soluble Diblock Copolymer. , 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

[162]  M. Müller,et al.  Lateral versus perpendicular segregation in mixed polymer brushes. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[163]  Yan Lu,et al.  Thermosensitive core-shell particles as carriers for ag nanoparticles: modulating the catalytic activity by a phase transition in networks. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[164]  Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu,et al.  Synthesis of well-defined environmentally responsive polymer brushes by aqueous ATRP , 2004 .

[165]  S. Armes,et al.  Polymeric Surfactants for the New Millennium: A pH‐Responsive, Zwitterionic, Schizophrenic Diblock Copolymer , 2002 .

[166]  Gero Decher,et al.  Fuzzy Nanoassemblies: Toward Layered Polymeric Multicomposites , 1997 .

[167]  A. Jonas,et al.  Glucose-responsive polyelectrolyte capsules. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[168]  F. Caruso,et al.  Layer-by-layer assembly of weak-strong copolymer polyelectrolytes: A route to morphological control of thin films , 2007 .

[169]  Xiaowen Shi,et al.  Quaternized chitosan/alginate nanoparticles for protein delivery. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[170]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Smart inorganic/organic nanocomposite hollow microcapsules. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[171]  Ashutosh Chilkoti,et al.  Control of protein–ligand recognition using a stimuli-responsive polymer , 1995, Nature.

[172]  S. Minko,et al.  Fluorescent Reactive Core–Shell Composite Nanoparticles with A High Surface Concentration of Epoxy Functionalities , 2008 .

[173]  W. Brittain,et al.  A structural definition of polymer brushes , 2007 .

[174]  H. Kawaguchi,et al.  Hybrid microgels with reversibly changeable multiple brilliant color. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[175]  C. Tsitsilianis,et al.  pH responsive heteroarm starlike micelles from double hydrophilic ABC terpolymer with ampholitic A and C blocks , 2004 .

[176]  S. Minko,et al.  Responsive colloidal systems: reversible aggregation and fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[177]  Y. Morishima,et al.  Preparation and characterization of a pH-responsive nanogel based on a photo-cross-linked micelle formed from block copolymers with controlled structure. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[178]  J. Fréchet,et al.  Stimuli-responsive supramolecular assemblies of linear-dendritic copolymers. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[179]  Y. Bae,et al.  Thermosensitive sol-gel reversible hydrogels. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[180]  B. Mattiasson,et al.  Variations of wettability and protein adsorption on solid siliceous carriers grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[181]  R. Iler,et al.  Multilayers of colloidal particles , 1966 .

[182]  S. Minko,et al.  Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Enhanced Plasmonic Effects in a Responsive Polymer Gel , 2008, Advanced materials.

[183]  S. Minko,et al.  Diversity of Nanostructured Self-Assemblies from a pH-Responsive ABC Terpolymer in Aqueous Media , 2008 .

[184]  Steven P. Armes,et al.  Stimulus-responsive liquid marbles. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[185]  A. Nakao,et al.  Preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive magnetite nanoparticles conjugated with N-isopropylacrylamide-based functional copolymer , 2006 .

[186]  William R. Dichtel,et al.  Enzyme-responsive snap-top covered silica nanocontainers. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[187]  S. Minko,et al.  Three-Dimensional Analysis of Switching Mechanism of Mixed Polymer Brushes , 2007 .

[188]  Earl J. Bergey,et al.  Nanochemistry: Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanoclinics for Biological Applications , 2002 .

[189]  S. Minko,et al.  Encapsulation of fillers with grafted polymers for model composites , 1996 .

[190]  Yujie Ma,et al.  Supramolecular assembly of water-soluble poly(ferrocenylsilanes): multilayer structures on flat interfaces and permeability of microcapsules. , 2007, Soft matter.

[191]  Wantai Yang,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of stimuli-responsive poly(acrylic acid) grafted silica nanoparticles , 2007 .

[192]  S. Ross,et al.  Colloidal Dispersions: Suspensions, Emulsions, and Foams , 2002 .

[193]  S. Minko,et al.  Stimuli-responsive hydrogel thin films , 2009 .

[194]  Janos H. Fendler,et al.  Self-Assembled Nanostructured Materials , 1996 .

[195]  M. Schönhoff,et al.  Thermoreversible polymers adsorbed to colloidal silica : a 1H NMR and DSC study of the phase transition in confined geometry , 2002 .

[196]  Dinesh S. Kommireddy,et al.  pH Responsive Decomposable Layer-by-Layer Nanofilms and Capsules on the Basis of Tannic Acid , 2005 .

[197]  Guangzhao Zhang,et al.  Temperature-induced aggregation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-stabilized CdS quantum dots in water. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[198]  S. Armes,et al.  Synthesis of polystyrene/poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-stat-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate] core-shell latex particles by seeded emulsion polymerization and their application as stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[199]  Alain M. Jonas,et al.  Ultrathin polymer coatings by complexation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties , 2000 .

[200]  Jun‐Jie Zhu,et al.  Ag/Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanostructures: Interface Polymerization, Characterization, and Modification by Gold Nanoparticles , 2007 .

[201]  Kazunori Kataoka,et al.  PEGylated Nanoparticles for Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications , 2003 .

[202]  Gleb B Sukhorukov,et al.  Release mechanisms for polyelectrolyte capsules. , 2007, Chemical Society reviews.

[203]  Jian Zhou,et al.  "Chemical transformers" from nanoparticle ensembles operated with logic. , 2008, Nano letters.

[204]  K. Matyjaszewski,et al.  The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications , 2008 .

[205]  Jouni Hirvonen,et al.  Cell-polymer interactions of fluorescent polystyrene latex particles coated with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) or grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-macromonomer. , 2007, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[206]  M. Schönhoff,et al.  1H NMR of thermoreversible polymers in solution and at interfaces: the influence of charged groups on the phase transition , 2001 .

[207]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Controlled precipitation of dyes into hollow polyelectrolyte capsules based on colloids and biocolloids. , 2000 .

[208]  Xiangchun Yin,et al.  Hydrogel Microspheres Formed by Complex Coacervation of Partially MPEG-Grafted Poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) with PDADMAC and Cross-Linking with Polyamines , 2003 .

[209]  C. Pichot.  Surface-functionalized latexes for biotechnological applications , 2004 .

[210]  Michelle Prevot,et al.  Responsive polyelectrolyte multilayers , 2007 .

[211]  Nicholas A Peppas,et al.  Molecular imprinting within hydrogels. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[212]  H. Klok,et al.  From supramolecular polymersomes to stimuli-responsive nano-capsules based on poly(diene-b-peptide) diblock copolymers , 2003, The European physical journal. E, Soft matter.

[213]  Benno Radt,et al.  Optically Addressable Nanostructured Capsules , 2004 .

[214]  Igor Luzinov,et al.  Adaptive and responsive surfaces through controlled reorganization of interfacial polymer layers , 2004 .

[215]  C. Pichot,et al.  Hydrophilic stimuli-responsive particles for biomedical applications , 2001 .

[216]  D. Grigoriev,et al.  Polyelectrolyte complexes as a “smart” depot for self-healing anticorrosion coatings , 2009 .

[217]  S. Armes,et al.  Stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers based on lightly cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine)-silica nanocomposite microgels. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[218]  L. Schadler,et al.  Glass-transition temperature behavior of alumina/PMMA nanocomposites , 2004 .

[219]  Giuseppe Battaglia,et al.  Polymersomes: nature inspired nanometer sized compartments , 2009 .

[220]  P. Hammond.  Form and Function in Multilayer Assembly: New Applications at the Nanoscale , 2004 .

[221]  J. Pánek,et al.  Thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticles stabilized by surfactants , 2007 .

[222]  Kinam Park,et al.  Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery , 2001 .

[223]  Marco Lattuada,et al.  Functionalization of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[224]  M. Ballauff.  Nanoscopic Polymer Particles with a Well-Defined Surface: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties , 2003 .

[225]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  Microgel-based engineered nanostructures and their applicability with template-directed layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assembly in protein encapsulation. , 2005, Macromolecular bioscience.

[226]  T. Hayakawa,et al.  Preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafted silica bead using hyperbranched polysiloxysilane as polymer brush and application to temperature-responsive HPLC , 2006 .

[227]  B. A. Rosen,et al.  Microgels as stimuli-responsive stabilizers for emulsions. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[228]  Katsuhiko Ariga,et al.  Alternate Assembly of Ordered Multilayers of SiO2 and Other Nanoparticles and Polyions , 1997 .

[229]  S. Armes,et al.  Synthesis of sterically stabilized polystyrene latex particles using cationic block copolymers and macromonomers and their application as stimulus-responsive particulate emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[230]  Gaojian Chen,et al.  Synthesis of thiol-linked neoglycopolymers and thermo-responsive glycomicelles as potential drug carrier. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[231]  N. Denkov,et al.  Comparison of solid particles, globular proteins and surfactants as emulsifiers. , 2008, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[232]  Michael L Klein,et al.  Emerging Applications of Polymersomes in Delivery: from Molecular Dynamics to Shrinkage of Tumors. , 2007, Progress in polymer science.

[233]  K. Tam,et al.  Association behavior of star-shaped pH-responsive block copolymer: four-arm poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methacrylic acid) in aqueous medium. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[234]  F. Bates,et al.  Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) of Micelles and Vesicles Formed in Water by Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Block Copolymers , 2002 .

[235]  Jian Zhou,et al.  Stimuli-responsive hydrogel membranes coupled with biocatalytic processes. , 2009, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[236]  Gleb B. Sukhorukov,et al.  Incorporation of macromolecules into polyelectrolyte micro- and nanocapsules via surface controlled precipitation on colloidal particles , 2002 .

[237]  Karsten Haupt,et al.  Imprinted polymers-tailor-made mimics of antibodies and receptors. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[238]  J. Welsh,et al.  Self‐Assembled Poly(butadiene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) Polymersomes as Paclitaxel Carriers , 2007, Biotechnology progress.

[239]  Trong-Ming Don,et al.  Synthesis and properties of chitosan‐based thermo‐ and pH‐responsive nanoparticles and application in drug release , 2009 .

[240]  Wenping Wang,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Thermally Responsive and Biodegradable Block Copolymer Comprised of PNIPAAM and PLA by Combination of ROP and RAFT Methods , 2004 .

[241]  Ingo Berndt,et al.  Temperature-sensitive core-shell microgel particles with dense shell. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[242]  P. Caliceti,et al.  Cell up-take control of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a thermoresponsive polymer , 2009 .

[243]  Andreas Scholl,et al.  pH-responsive thin film membranes from poly(2-vinylpyridine) : Water vapor-induced formation of a microporous structure , 2007 .

[244]  S. Armes,et al.  pH-responsive aqueous foams stabilized by ionizable latex particles. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[245]  Heikki Tenhu,et al.  Recent advances in polymer protected gold nanoparticles: synthesis, properties and applications. , 2007, Chemical communications.

[246]  S. Armes,et al.  Metal nanocrystals incorporated within pH-responsive microgel particles. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[247]  N. Kotov,et al.  Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte-Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composite Films , 1995 .

[248]  S. Sajeesh,et al.  Novel pH responsive polymethacrylic acid-chitosan-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles for oral peptide delivery. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[249]  Yingli An,et al.  Formation and catalytic activity of spherical composites with surfaces coated with gold nanoparticles. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[250]  Katsuhiko Ariga,et al.  ASSEMBLY OF MULTICOMPONENT PROTEIN FILMS BY MEANS OF ELECTROSTATIC LAYER-BY-LAYER ADSORPTION , 1995 .

[251]  Jun‐Hyun Kim,et al.  Hydrogel-templated growth of large gold nanoparticles: synthesis of thermally responsive hydrogel-nanoparticle composites. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[252]  Larry A. Sklar,et al.  Control of Molecular Transport Through Stimuli‐Responsive Ordered Mesoporous Materials , 2003 .

[253]  Junbai Li,et al.  Assembly of environmental sensitive microcapsules of PNIPAAm and alginate acid and their application in drug release. , 2009, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[254]  M. Rubner,et al.  Molecular-Level Processing of Conjugated Polymers. 4. Layer-by-Layer Manipulation of Polyaniline via Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions , 1997 .

[255]  D. Schmaljohann.  Thermo- and pH-responsive polymers in drug delivery. , 2006, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[256]  Sergiy Minko,et al.  Adapting low-adhesive thin films from mixed polymer brushes. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[257]  Yulin Deng,et al.  Encapsulation of polystyrene latex with temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via a self-assembling approach and the adsorption behaviors therein. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[258]  Gleb B. Sukhorukov,et al.  Reversible pH-Dependent Properties of Multilayer Microcapsules Made of Weak Polyelectrolytes , 2004 .

[259]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Coating of colloidal particles by controlled precipitation of polymers , 2001 .

[260]  Sergiy Minko,et al.  AFM single molecule experiments at the solid-liquid interface: in situ conformation of adsorbed flexible polyelectrolyte chains. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[261]  Hong Jae Lee,et al.  pH-controlled, polymer-mediated assembly of polymer micelle nanoparticles. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[262]  S. Minko,et al.  Superhydrophobic Surfaces Generated from Water‐Borne Dispersions of Hierarchically Assembled Nanoparticles Coated with a Reversibly Switchable Shell , 2008 .

[263]  A. Hoffman,et al.  Graft copolymers that exhibit temperature-induced phase transitions over a wide range of pH , 1995, Nature.

[264]  Jian Xu,et al.  Chain-length dependence of diblock copolymer micellization kinetics studied by stopped-flow pH-jump. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[265]  Sergiy Minko,et al.  Ultrathin molecularly imprinted polymer sensors employing enhanced transmission surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. , 2006, Chemical communications.

[266]  Xuehui Sun,et al.  Construction and micellization of a noncovalent double hydrophilic block copolymer. , 2008, Chemical communications.

[267]  Chaoliang He,et al.  Synthesis of Novel Thermo‐ and pH‐Responsive Poly(L‐lysine)‐Based Copolymer and its Micellization in Water , 2008 .

[268]  M. Rubner,et al.  Molecular self-assembly of conducting polymers , 1994 .

[269]  Teruo Okano,et al.  Enhanced tumor accumulation and prolonged circulation times of micelle-forming poly(ethylene oxide-aspartate) block copolymer-Adriamycin conjugates , 1994 .

[270]  J. Berg,et al.  Aggregate restructuring by polymer solvency effects. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[271]  S. Sugihara,et al.  Synthesis of Fine Hydrogel Microspheres and Capsules from Thermoresponsive Coacervate , 2007 .

[272]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Transmission electron microscopy study of solvent-induced phase morphologies of environmentally responsive mixed homopolymer brushes on silica particles. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[273]  Shi-zhong Luo,et al.  Fabrication of Hybrid Nanoparticles with Thermoresponsive Coronas via a Self-Assembling Approach , 2005 .

[274]  Helmuth Möhwald,et al.  Novel Hollow Polymer Shells by Colloid-Templated Assembly of Polyelectrolytes. , 1998, Angewandte Chemie.

[275]  N. Stock,et al.  Synthesis of bifunctional core–shell particles with a porous zeolite core and a responsive polymeric shell , 2008 .

[276]  C. Xiong,et al.  Novel polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan–chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery. I. Physicochemical characterization of the carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan–chitosan nanoparticles , 2005, Biopolymers.

[277]  S. O. Lumsdon,et al.  Influence of Particle Wettability on the Type and Stability of Surfactant-Free Emulsions† , 2000 .

[278]  S. Minko,et al.  Conformation of single polyelectrolyte chains vs. salt concentration: Effects of sample history and solid substrate , 2006 .

[279]  G. Sukhorukov,et al.  Base-acid equilibria in polyelectrolyte systems: From weak polyelectrolytes to interpolyelectrolyte complexes and multilayered polyelectrolyte shells , 2003 .

[280]  Lars Dähne,et al.  Smart Micro‐ and Nanocontainers for Storage, Transport, and Release , 2001 .

[281]  Y. Osada,et al.  Interaction of poly(styrene sulfonate) with polycations carrying charges in the chain backbone , 1972 .

[282]  Adam Blanazs,et al.  Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Aggregates: From Micelles to Vesicles and their Biological Applications. , 2009, Macromolecular rapid communications.

[283]  S. A. Gómez-Lopera,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles with a magnetic core. , 2001, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[284]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Tuning Micellization and Dissociation Transitions of Thermo- and pH-Sensitive Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methoxydi(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) in Aqueous Solution by Combining Temperature and pH Triggers , 2008 .

[285]  A. Hoogerwerf,et al.  Block copolymer micelles as switchable templates for nanofabrication. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[286]  G. Riess,et al.  Micellization of block copolymers , 2003 .

[287]  S. Ravaine,et al.  Multiresponsive hybrid microgels and hollow capsules with a layered structure. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[288]  D. Weitz,et al.  Microfluidic fabrication of monodisperse biocompatible and biodegradable polymersomes with controlled permeability. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[289]  Y. M. Lee,et al.  Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) amphiphilic block copolymeric nanospheres. II. Thermo-responsive drug release behaviors. , 2000, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[290]  V. Tsukruk,et al.  Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of gold nanoparticles with amphiphilic shells from V-shaped binary polymer arms. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[291]  S. Minko,et al.  AFM single molecule studies of adsorbed polyelectrolytes , 2005 .

[292]  D. Langevin.  Aqueous foams: a field of investigation at the frontier between chemistry and physics. , 2008, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[293]  P. Štěpánek,et al.  Novel pH-responsive nanoparticles. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[294]  W. Richtering,et al.  Layer-by-layer assembly on stimuli-responsive microgels , 2008 .

[295]  A. Gaharwar,et al.  Dual-stimuli responsive PNiPAM microgel achieved via layer-by-layer assembly: magnetic and thermoresponsive. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[296]  Zonghuan Lu,et al.  Magnetic switch of permeability for polyelectrolyte microcapsules embedded with Co@Au nanoparticles. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[297]  R. Advíncula.  Surface Initiated Polymerization from Nanoparticle Surfaces , 2003 .

[298]  G. J. Fleer,et al.  Equilibrium Polymers at Interfaces: Analytical Self-Consistent-Field Theory , 2004 .

[299]  J. Israelachvili.  Intermolecular and surface forces , 1985 .

[300]  Steve Granick,et al.  Layered, erasable polymer multilayers formed by hydrogen-bonded sequential self-assembly , 2002 .

[301]  Ashutosh Chilkoti,et al.  Targeted drug delivery by thermally responsive polymers. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[302]  Francis J. Doyle,et al.  Dynamic Behavior of Glucose-Responsive Poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol) Hydrogels , 1997 .

[303]  B. Sarmento,et al.  Alginate/Chitosan Nanoparticles are Effective for Oral Insulin Delivery , 2007, Pharmaceutical Research.

[304]  Junbai Li,et al.  Fabrication of pH-Responsive Nanocomposites of Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(4-vinylpyridine) , 2007 .

[305]  P. Müller‐Buschbaum,et al.  Synthesis of Symmetrical Triblock Copolymers of Styrene and N‐isopropylacrylamide Using Bifunctional Bis(trithiocarbonate)s as RAFT Agents , 2009 .

[306]  M. Diociaiuti,et al.  ATRP synthesis and association properties of thermoresponsive anionic block copolymers , 2008 .

[307]  A. Pich,et al.  Microgel‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Capsules , 2009 .

[308]  J. Swarbrick,et al.  Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology , 2006 .

[309]  S. Mallapragada,et al.  pH- and temperature-dependent phase behavior of a PEO-PPO-PEO-based pentablock copolymer in aqueous media. , 2008, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[310]  T. Miyata,et al.  Biomolecule-sensitive hydrogels. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[311]  L. Andrew Lyon,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Multiresponsive Core−Shell Microgels , 2000 .

[312]  W. Richtering,et al.  Magnetic, Thermosensitive Microgels as Stimuli‐Responsive Emulsifiers Allowing for Remote Control of Separability and Stability of Oil in Water‐Emulsions , 2007 .

[313]  W. Richtering,et al.  Emulsions stabilized by stimuli-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-methacrylic acid polymers: microgels versus low molecular weight polymers. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[314]  Frank Simon,et al.  Reversible tuning of wetting behavior of polymer surface with responsive polymer brushes , 2003 .

[315]  Paschalis Alexandridis,et al.  Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Self-Assembly and Applications , 2000 .

[316]  Yan Lu,et al.  “Smart” nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and applications , 2007 .

[317]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Self-assembly, optical behavior, and permeability of a novel capsule based on an azo dye and polyelectrolytes. , 2004, Chemistry.

[318]  Mosbach,et al.  Molecularly imprinted polymers for bioanalysis: chromatography, binding assays and biomimetic sensors. , 1996, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[319]  Zhiyuan Zhong,et al.  Stimuli-responsive polymersomes for programmed drug delivery. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[320]  Christopher J. Barrett,et al.  Fabrication of Microporous Thin Films from Polyelectrolyte Multilayers , 2000 .

[321]  Igor Luzinov,et al.  Responsive brush layers: from tailored gradients to reversibly assembled nanoparticles. , 2008, Soft matter.

[322]  V. Kabanov,et al.  Soluble interpolymeric complexes as a new class of synthetic polyelectrolytes , 1984 .

[323]  Yansong Wang,et al.  Facile preparation of pH-responsive gelatin-based core-shell polymeric nanoparticles at high concentrations via template polymerization , 2007 .

[324]  H. Möhwald,et al.  Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule permeability control , 2002 .

[325]  H. Otsuka,et al.  Polystyrene- and poly(3-vinylpyridine)-grafted magnetite nanoparticles prepared through surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization , 2004 .

[326]  B. Sarmento,et al.  Oral bioavailability of insulin contained in polysaccharide nanoparticles. , 2007, Biomacromolecules.

[327]  A. Pich,et al.  Design of multicomponent microgels by selective deposition of nanomaterials. , 2008, Small.

[328]  Xin Li,et al.  Preparation and Characterization of Narrowly Distributed Nanogels with Temperature-Responsive Core and pH-Responsive Shell , 2004 .

[329]  P. Kralchevsky,et al.  Latex-particle-stabilized emulsions of anti-Bancroft type. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[330]  A. Chilkoti,et al.  Temperature sensitive peptides: Engineering hyperthermia-directed therapeutics , 2008, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.