The effect of ultrasound stimulation versus bioreactors on neocartilage formation in tissue engineering scaffolds seeded with human chondrocytes in vitro.

Pulsed ultrasound (1 MHz, 67 mW/cm(2) Ispta, and 10 min/day) promoted cell proliferation and matrix deposition in low-density 2D ( approximately 6 x 10(3)cells/cm(2)) as well as 3D ( approximately 4 x 10(6)cells/cm(3)) chondrocyte cultures. The beneficial effect of ultrasound on neocartilage formation only last 28 days, shorter than that of bioreactors.

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