On the use of optical spreading codes to design DWDM systems with reduced FWM crosstalk

Abstract Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a fiber nonlinear effect that limits the maximum reach and minimum channel spacing of a dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) communication system. We propose an alternative frequency assignment scheme to reduce FWM crosstalk by allocating frequencies to a set of unevenly spaced channels determined by an optical spreading code. This assignment scheme provides several advantages over previously proposed frequency assignment schemes, these include, a reduced optical bandwidth requirements, ease of computing, unlimited channel counts and the complete avoidance of FWM intrachannel crosstalk. Further analysis of the spreading code-based scheme carried out on a 50 GHz spaced 16×2.5 Gbit/s DWDM system, indicates a consistent improvement in Q -factor by over 2 dB compared to similar equal spaced channel DWDM systems.

[1]  Fan Chung Graham,et al.  Optical orthogonal codes: Design, analysis, and applications , 1989, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[2]  K. Inoue,et al.  Suppression technique for fiber four-wave mixing using optical multi-/demultiplexers and a delay line , 1993 .

[3]  M. J. O'Mahony,et al.  Optimisation of wavelength spacing in a WDM transmission system in the presence of fibre nonlinearities , 1995 .

[4]  H. P. Sardesai,et al.  A simple channel plan to reduce effects of nonlinearities in dense WDM systems , 1999 .

[5]  M. Eiselt.  Limits on WDM systems due to four-wave mixing: a statistical approach , 1999 .

[6]  Jingyu Zhou,et al.  Crosstalk in multiwavelength optical cross-connect networks , 1996 .

[7]  Jian-Guo Zhang.  Design of a special family of optical CDMA address codes for fully asynchronous data communications , 1999, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[8]  Ken-ichi Sato,et al.  Future photonic transport networks based on WDM technologies , 1999, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[9]  Ryoh Fuji-Hara,et al.  Optical orthogonal codes: Their bounds and new optimal constructions , 2000, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[10]  O. Ishida,et al.  Unequal Channel Spacing Compatible With Equally Spaced Wdm Systems , 1997, Technical Digest CLEO/Pacific Rim '97 Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics.

[11]  Yoshinori Hibino.  Passive Optical Devices for Photonic Networks , 2000 .

[12]  Kumar N. Sivarajan,et al.  Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective , 1998 .

[13]  Y. Kobayashi,et al.  Forward error correcting codes in synchronous fiber optic transmission systems , 1997 .

[14]  T. Numai,et al.  Analysis of repeated unequally spaced channels for FDM lightwave systems , 2000, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[15]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  A generalized suboptimum unequally spaced channel allocation technique. II. In coherent WDM systems , 1998, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[16]  James J. Refi.  Optical fibers for optical networking , 1999, Bell Labs Technical Journal.

[17]  M. Fukui,et al.  WDM Transmission Technologies for Dispersion-Shifted Fibers , 1998 .

[18]  Apostolos Dollas,et al.  A New Algorithm for Golomb Ruler Derivation and Proof of the 19 Mark Ruler , 1998, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[19]  Claus Popp Larsen,et al.  Scalability of optical multiwavelength switching networks: crosstalk analysis , 1999 .

[20]  Arthur James Lowery,et al.  Multiple signal representation simulation of photonic devices, systems, and networks , 2000, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[21]  Xin Miao,et al.  Unequally Spaced Channels for Upgrading WDM System from 3-Channel to 10-Channel Preserving No FWM Crosstalk , 1996 .

[22]  J. F. Young,et al.  Wavelength shift keying technique to reduce four-wave mixing crosstalk in WDM , 1999, 1999 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings. LEOS'99. 12th Annual Meeting. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1999 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37009).

[23]  Polina Bayvel,et al.  Future high-capacity optical telecommunication networks , 2000, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[24]  Masaharu Ohashi,et al.  Four-wave mixing suppression effect of dispersion distributed fibers , 1999 .

[25]  T. Chikama,et al.  Cancellation of four-wave mixing in multichannel fibre transmission by midway optical phase conjugation , 1994 .

[26]  A. Chraplyvy,et al.  WDM systems with unequally spaced channels , 1995 .

[27]  Tao Qin,et al.  Statistics study of routing and wavelength assignment algorithms in WDM all optical network , 2000 .

[28]  Noboru Takachio,et al.  Methodology of Unequally Spaced Frequency Allocation for WDM Transmission Systems Using Typical Dispersion-Shifted Fiber Cable , 2000 .

[29]  Naoya Henmi,et al.  A new design arrangement of transmission fiber dispersion for suppressing nonlinear degradation in long-distance optical transmission systems with optical repeater amplifiers , 1993 .

[30]  Reduction of the four wave mixing in optically amplified links by reducing pulse overlapping , 2000 .

[31]  Dan Sadot,et al.  New method for developing optical code division multiplexed access sequences using genetic algorithm , 1999 .