What can three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography contribute to evaluate global left ventricular systolic performance in patients with heart failure?

PURPOSE Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) is a newly developed technique to evaluate left ventricular (LV) deformation by measuring the area strain (AS) of endocardial surface that combines information from both longitudinal (LS) and circumferential strain (CS). We performed a study to examine myocardial deformation in patients with heart failure (HF) using 3D-STE. METHOD A total of 149 subjects including 58 patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), 45 patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF), and 46 normal subjects were prospectively studied by 3D-STE. RESULT After adjusting for age, gender and BSA, global CS, LS, radial strain (RS) and AS derived from 3D-STE in patients with HFPEF were significantly higher than their counterparts in patients with HFREF (all p<0.001), but lower than that in normal subjects (all p<0.05). In addition, among all the strain parameters, global AS exhibited the highest correlation with LV ejection fraction (y=1.243x+6.332, r=0.982, p<0.001) and the best intra- (ICCs: 0.986, p<0.001) and inter-observer variability (ICCs: 0.978, p<0.001) than other parameters of 3D strain (CS: 0.981 and 0.974; LS: 0.908 and 0.841; RS: 0.946 and 0.915; all p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of endocardial surface AS based on 3D-STE technique is reproducible and proves to be accurate and comprehensive in assessing the global LV performance and multidirectional deformation of the LV myocardium in HF patients.

[1]  V. Roger,et al.  Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  K. Dickstein,et al.  How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology. , 2007, European heart journal.

[3]  C. D. de Korte,et al.  Reference values for myocardial two-dimensional strain echocardiography in a healthy pediatric and young adult cohort. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[4]  Yiu-fai Cheung,et al.  The role of 3D wall motion tracking in heart failure , 2012, Nature Reviews Cardiology.

[5]  B. Yan,et al.  Resting global and regional left ventricular contractility in patients with heart failure and normal ejection fraction: insights from speckle-tracking echocardiography , 2010, Heart.

[6]  Kan Yang,et al.  Feasibility of detecting early left ventricular systolic dysfunction using global area strain: a novel index derived from three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[7]  Otto Kamp,et al.  Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for automatic assessment of global and regional left ventricular function based on area strain. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[8]  M. Drazner,et al.  2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. , 2013, Circulation.

[9]  M. Cheitlin,et al.  Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in a Population-Based Study , 2008 .

[10]  Brecht Heyde,et al.  Current state of three-dimensional myocardial strain estimation using echocardiography. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[11]  T. Marwick.  Measurement of strain and strain rate by echocardiography: ready for prime time? , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[12]  O. Kamp,et al.  Comparison between three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for quantification of left ventricular volumes and function. , 2012, European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging.

[13]  A. Ludomirsky,et al.  Maturational and growth-related changes in left ventricular longitudinal strain and strain rate measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in healthy pediatric population. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[14]  Cheuk-Man Yu,et al.  Relation of left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure to left ventricular ejection fraction and to QRS duration. , 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

[15]  L. Weinert,et al.  Reproducibility and inter-vendor variability of left ventricular deformation measurements by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[16]  J. Ornato,et al.  ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult—Summary Article , 2005 .

[17]  Tomoko Ishizu,et al.  Validation of 3-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging to Quantify Regional Myocardial Deformation , 2009, Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging.

[18]  Pamela K Woodard,et al.  Accuracy and reproducibility of strain by speckle tracking in pediatric subjects with normal heart and single ventricular physiology: a two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging correlative study. , 2010, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[19]  Hiroyuki Okura,et al.  Comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular strain using speckle tracking echocardiography in normal adults: comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional approaches. , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[20]  Y. Li,et al.  Left ventricular three-dimensional global systolic strain by real-time three-dimensional speckle-tracking in children: feasibility, reproducibility, maturational changes, and normal ranges. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[21]  J. Gardin,et al.  American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for use of echocardiography in clinical trials. , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[22]  Tomoko Ishizu,et al.  Endocardial surface area tracking for assessment of regional LV wall deformation with 3D speckle tracking imaging. , 2011, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[23]  Y. Cheung,et al.  Novel area strain based on three-dimensional wall motion analysis for assessment of global left ventricular performance after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[24]  Erwan Donal,et al.  Real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a novel technique to quantify global left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[25]  A. Ng,et al.  Comparison of myocardial tissue velocities measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking and tissue Doppler imaging. , 2008, The American journal of cardiology.

[26]  G. Casolo,et al.  Three-dimensional simultaneous strain–volume analysis describes left ventricular remodelling and its progression: a pilot study , 2011, European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology.

[27]  L.N. Bohs,et al.  A novel method for angle independent ultrasonic imaging of blood flow and tissue motion , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[28]  M. Drazner,et al.  2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[29]  D. Sahn,et al.  Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging for left ventricular rotation measurement: an in vitro validation study. , 2010, Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

[30]  Victor Mor-Avi,et al.  Quantification of left ventricular volumes using three-dimensional echocardiographic speckle tracking: comparison with MRI. , 2009, European heart journal.

[31]  A. Støylen,et al.  Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography: validation against sonomicrometry and tagged magnetic resonance imaging. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[32]  José Luis Rodrigo,et al.  Three-dimensional-wall motion tracking: a new and faster tool for myocardial strain assessment: comparison with two-dimensional-wall motion tracking. , 2009, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[33]  M. O’Donnell,et al.  Strain rate imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[34]  Judy R Mangion,et al.  Right ventricular imaging by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography , 2010, Current opinion in cardiology.

[35]  S. Kapetanakis,et al.  Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography: A Novel Technique to Quantify Global Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony , 2005, Circulation.

[36]  Jan D’hooge,et al.  Experimental Validation of a New Ultrasound Method for the Simultaneous Assessment of Radial and Longitudinal Myocardial Deformation Independent of Insonation Angle , 2005, Circulation.

[37]  Y. Cheung,et al.  New three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography identifies global impairment of left ventricular mechanics with a high sensitivity in childhood cancer survivors. , 2013, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[38]  L. Barbot,et al.  Evaluation of global left ventricular systolic function using three-dimensional echocardiography speckle-tracking strain parameters. , 2012, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[39]  G. Mailloux,et al.  Computer Analysis of Heart Motion from Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[40]  Jianwen Wang,et al.  Preserved left ventricular twist and circumferential deformation, but depressed longitudinal and radial deformation in patients with diastolic heart failure. , 2007, European heart journal.

[41]  Jae-Kwan Song,et al.  Importance of dynamic dyssynchrony in the occurrence of hypertensive heart failure with normal ejection fraction. , 2010, European heart journal.

[42]  G. Nickenig,et al.  Three-dimensional speckle-tracking analysis of left ventricular function after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. , 2012, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[43]  Victor Mor-Avi,et al.  Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography. , 2011, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[44]  F Maffessanti,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of regional left ventricular function using three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography , 2009, 2009 36th Annual Computers in Cardiology Conference (CinC).

[45]  Richard B Devereux,et al.  Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardio , 2005, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[46]  J. Dubois-Randé,et al.  Comparison of real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking to magnetic resonance imaging in patients with coronary heart disease. , 2012, The American journal of cardiology.

[47]  P. Sengupta,et al.  Two-dimensional strain--a Doppler-independent ultrasound method for quantitation of regional deformation: validation in vitro and in vivo. , 2005, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.