Invulnerability Analysis of Traffic Network in Tourist Attraction Under Unexpected Emergency Events Based on Cascading Failure

This study aims to analyze the cascading failure process of traffic network in tourist attraction under unexpected emergency events, and discuss the measures to improve traffic network invulnerability. For that purpose, taking tourist attraction as the research object, the topology model of traffic network in tourist attraction is established based on Space L method. After different types of emergency events are simulated as different attack strategies, we discuss the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and evolution process of tourism emergency events. The cascading failure model of traffic network based on load-capacity is constructed, then the main factors affecting the scale of dynamic cascading failures are given and their sensitivity are analyzed. Taking the Summer Palace in Beijing as an example, the invulnerability analysis of the traffic network is carried out and the node protection strategies with different network load are proposed. The study reveals that (a) the traffic network of the Summer Palace has a typical network characteristics of small world; (b) network load, node capacity, node attack strategy, adjacent nodes relationship, load distribution rule significantly affect the scale of cascading failure of the traffic network in tourist attraction, (c) when the network load coefficient $\delta < 0.7$ , the cascading failure rate (CFR) can be effectively controlled within 0.2 to avoid large-scale cascading failure; (d) the scale of cascading failure can be effectively reduced by 22.14%, 40.91%, and 63.66%, after increasing the capacity of the nodes which are the top 5%, 10%, and 20% in the ranking of CFR, respectively.

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