3D Printed Mask Frames Improve the Inward Protection Efficiency of a Cloth Mask

Here, we show that improving the fit of a cloth mask using a low-cost 3D-printed frame significantly improves its inward protection efficiency for airborne particles known to transmit SARS-CoV-2. W...

[1]  H. Yen,et al.  Short-range airborne route dominates exposure of respiratory infection during close contact , 2020, Building and Environment.

[2]  M. Zumwalt,et al.  Effectiveness of manufactured surgical masks, respirators, and home-made masks in prevention of respiratory infection due to airborne microorganisms , 2020 .

[3]  Johan F.M. Molenbroek,et al.  Traditional and 3D scan extracted measurements of the heads and faces of Dutch children , 2019, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.

[4]  Tao Han,et al.  3D Printed Sensors for Biomedical Applications: A Review , 2019, Sensors.

[5]  V. Dubey,et al.  Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019 , 2020, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[6]  Clyde Zhengdao Li,et al.  Investigation of dust exposure and control practices in the construction industry: Implications for cleaner production , 2019, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[7]  S. J. Li,et al.  3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators , 2020, BMC Biomedical Engineering.

[8]  T. Yeo,et al.  Detection of air and surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in hospital rooms of infected patients , 2020, Nature Communications.

[9]  Andrew P. Marks,et al.  An Interim Solution to the Decreased Availability of Respirators Against COVID-19 , 2020, Anesthesia and analgesia.

[10]  F. Drewnick,et al.  Aerosol filtration efficiency of household materials for homemade face masks: Influence of material properties, particle size, particle electrical charge, face velocity, and leaks , 2020, Aerosol Science and Technology.

[11]  T. Solano,et al.  One size fits all?: Modeling face-mask fit on population-based faces , 2020, medRxiv.

[12]  Lei Zhang,et al.  The construction dust-induced occupational health risk using Monte-Carlo simulation , 2018 .

[13]  A. Perwuelz,et al.  Universal masking during COVID-19 pandemic: Can textile engineering help public health? Narrative review of the evidence , 2020, Preventive Medicine.

[14]  Yuguo Li,et al.  Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing , 2009, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[15]  William G. Lindsley,et al.  Efficacy of face masks, neck gaiters and face shields for reducing the expulsion of simulated cough-generated aerosols , 2020 .

[16]  C. Gregoretti,et al.  Medical masks and Respirators for the Protection of Healthcare Workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses , 2020, Pulmonology.

[17]  Don-Hee Han,et al.  Development of prototypes of half-mask facepieces for Koreans using the 3D digitizing design method: a pilot study. , 2004, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[18]  Jamie Grant,et al.  Face Masks and Respirators in the Fight Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Current Materials, Advances and Future Perspectives , 2020, Materials.

[19]  Zhou Jinyun,et al.  The Poisson Ratio and Modulus of Elastic Knitted Fabrics , 2010 .

[20]  Allan Bennett,et al.  Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks: Would They Protect in an Influenza Pandemic? , 2013, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.

[21]  L. Morawska,et al.  It Is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) , 2020, Clinical Infectious Diseases.

[22]  Edward P. Vicenzi,et al.  Filtration Efficiencies of Nanoscale Aerosol by Cloth Mask Materials Used to Slow the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 , 2020, ACS nano.

[23]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Wearable Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review , 2013 .

[24]  I. Fung,et al.  A Study of Knowledge, Awareness, Practice and Recommendations Among Hong Kong Construction Workers on Using Personal Respiratory Protective Equipment at Risk , 2008 .

[25]  Chao-Hsin Lin,et al.  Characterizing exhaled airflow from breathing and talking. , 2010, Indoor air.

[26]  Malcolm Xing,et al.  3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances , 2018, Bioactive materials.

[27]  K. Hong.  Preparation and properties of multi-functional cotton fabric treated by gallnut extract , 2014 .

[28]  Yan Wang,et al.  The application of 3D-printed transparent facemask for facial scar management and its biomechanical rationale. , 2017, Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.

[29]  E. O'Kelly,et al.  Face Mask Fit Hacks: Improving the Fit of KN95 Masks and Surgical Masks with Fit Alteration Techniques , 2020, medRxiv.

[30]  L. Marr,et al.  Inward and outward effectiveness of cloth masks, a surgical mask, and a face shield , 2021, Aerosol Science and Technology.

[31]  Robert B Lawrence,et al.  Comparison of Performance of Three Different Types of Respiratory Protection Devices , 2006, Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.

[32]  C. Kodange,et al.  Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements , 2020, Advances in skin & wound care.

[33]  S. Grinshpun,et al.  Performance of Facepiece Respirators and Surgical Masks Against Surgical Smoke: Simulated Workplace Protection Factor Study , 2016, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[35]  Frederik L. Giesel,et al.  3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications , 2010, International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery.

[36]  B. Schwartz,et al.  Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2016, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[37]  C. Kovarik,et al.  COVID-19 and personal protective equipment: Treatment and prevention of skin conditions related to the occupational use of personal protective equipment , 2020, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[38]  Evaluating lubricant performance to reduce COVID-19 PPE-related skin injury , 2020, PloS one.

[39]  L. Marr,et al.  Recognizing and controlling airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in indoor environments , 2020, Indoor air.

[40]  S. Chu,et al.  Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging , 2020, Nano letters.

[41]  Chuan'an Shen,et al.  Mechanism and prevention of facial pressure injuries: A novel emergent strategy supported by a multicenter controlled study in frontline healthcare professionals fighting COVID‐19 , 2020, Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.

[42]  Supratik Guha,et al.  Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks , 2020, ACS nano.

[43]  Supriya Lahiri,et al.  The cost effectiveness of occupational health interventions: prevention of silicosis. , 2005, American journal of industrial medicine.

[44]  Lisa M Brosseau,et al.  Surgical mask filter and fit performance , 2008, American Journal of Infection Control.

[45]  Mika Morishima,et al.  Analysis of fit pattern of a hygiene mask for an opened mouth , 2016 .

[46]  Gerwin Smit,et al.  3D-printed upper limb prostheses: a review , 2017, Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology.

[47]  Amay J Bandodkar,et al.  Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review. , 2014, Trends in biotechnology.

[48]  Amit Gefen,et al.  Update to device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. COVID-19, face masks and skin damage. , 2020, Journal of wound care.

[49]  Benjamin J. Cowling,et al.  Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks , 2020, Nature Medicine.

[50]  P R Worsley,et al.  A 3D registration methodology to evaluate the goodness of fit at the individual-respiratory mask interface , 2020, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[51]  K. Harland,et al.  The “double eights mask brace” improves the fit and protection of a basic surgical mask amidst COVID‐19 pandemic , 2020, Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open.

[52]  Akshay Sharma,et al.  Low-cost sensor-integrated 3D-printed personalized prosthetic hands for children with amniotic band syndrome: A case study in sensing pressure distribution on an anatomical human-machine interface (AHMI) using 3D-printed conformal electrode arrays , 2019, PloS one.

[53]  Yusen Duan,et al.  Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals , 2020, Nature.

[54]  Y. Payan,et al.  Linear Elastic Properties of the Facial Soft Tissues Using an Aspiration Device: Towards Patient Specific Characterization , 2014, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[55]  Trevor B. Tilly,et al.  Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients , 2020, International Journal of Infectious Diseases.

[56]  Qian Yan,et al.  A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Medical Applications , 2018, Engineering.

[57]  M. Lima,et al.  Prophylactic dressings in the prevention of pressure ulcer related to the use of personal protective equipment by health professionals facing the COVID‐19 pandemic: A randomized clinical trial , 2020, Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.

[58]  Yu Wang,et al.  Customized design and 3D printing of face seal for an N95 filtering facepiece respirator , 2018, Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.

[59]  A. Sommerfield,et al.  The role of fit testing N95/FFP2/FFP3 masks: a narrative review , 2020, Anaesthesia.

[60]  A. Kashani,et al.  Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges , 2018, Composites Part B: Engineering.

[61]  Tiina Reponen,et al.  Performance of an N95 Filtering Facepiece Particulate Respirator and a Surgical Mask During Human Breathing: Two Pathways for Particle Penetration , 2009, Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.

[62]  Philip Tack,et al.  3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: a systematic literature review , 2016, BioMedical Engineering OnLine.

[63]  Yang Yang,et al.  Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Public Transportation Vehicles: A Case Study in Hunan Province, China , 2020, Open forum infectious diseases.

[64]  P. S. Harvey,et al.  Influence of infill properties on flexural rigidity of 3D-printed structural members , 2018, Virtual and Physical Prototyping.

[65]  Amy V. Mueller,et al.  Quantitative Method for Comparative Assessment of Particle Removal Efficiency of Fabric Masks as Alternatives to Standard Surgical Masks for PPE , 2020, Matter.