Construção de Scaffolds para engenharia tecidual utilizando prototipagem rápida

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is an expression that is used for defining a set of technologies that have as a common characteristic the building of 3D physical prototypes, layer-by-layer, from their analogue virtual prototypes. The layer-by-layer building approach allows obtaining high complex shapes which cannot be obtained by the current most usual technologies based on material subtraction. A brief review about RP and its applications in the health domain is presented. A special mention is dedicated to the PROMED (PR in Medicine) - a non-profit research, development and knowledge diffusion project - focused on RP applied to medicine. Also it is reviewed  the application of SLS - Selective Laser Sintering - for tissue engineering scaffolds and the most recent technologies for direct metal prototyping for building metal customized implants. Finally it is shown preliminary results of experiments to build scaffolds with PHB poly (hidroxy butirate) and nylon utilizing a SLS machine.

[1]  Peter D. Hilton,et al.  Rapid Tooling: Technologies and Industrial Applications , 2000 .

[2]  K. Leong,et al.  Scaffold development using selective laser sintering of polyetheretherketone-hydroxyapatite biocomposite blends. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[3]  Dietmar W Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffold-based tissue engineering: rationale for computer-aided design and solid free-form fabrication systems. , 2004, Trends in biotechnology.

[4]  J. W. Barlow,et al.  Biocompatibility of SLS-Formed Calcium Phosphate Implants , 1996 .

[5]  Margam Chandrasekaran,et al.  Rapid prototyping in tissue engineering: challenges and potential. , 2004, Trends in biotechnology.

[6]  Cruz Fmm,et al.  Direct manufacture of hydroxyapatite based bone implants using selective laser sintering. , 2004 .

[7]  Toshiyuki Kanamori,et al.  Surface modification of poly(l-lactic acid) affects initial cell attachment, cell morphology, and cell growth , 2005, Journal of Artificial Organs.

[8]  L. Froyen,et al.  Lasers and materials in selective laser sintering , 2002 .

[9]  C K Chua,et al.  Development of tissue scaffolds using selective laser sintering of polyvinyl alcohol/hydroxyapatite biocomposite for craniofacial and joint defects , 2004, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[10]  Neil Hopkinson,et al.  Rapid manufacturing : an industrial revolution for the digital age , 2006 .

[11]  D. Wise,et al.  Versatility of biodegradable biopolymers: degradability and an in vivo application. , 2001, Journal of biotechnology.

[12]  Colleen L Flanagan,et al.  Bone tissue engineering using polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[13]  Scott J. Hollister,et al.  Freeform fabrication of Nylon‐6 tissue engineering scaffolds , 2003 .

[14]  K. Leong,et al.  Solid freeform fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for engineering replacement tissues and organs. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[15]  Kenneth Cooper,et al.  Rapid Prototyping Technology: Selection and Application , 2001 .

[16]  Abhay Pandit,et al.  Fabrication methods of porous metals for use in orthopaedic applications. , 2006, Biomaterials.