An optical glucose biosensor based on entrapped-glucose oxidase in silicate xerogel hybridised with hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose

Abstract An optical glucose biosensor was fabricated by entrapping glucose oxidase (GOx) within the xerogel that was derived from tetraethylorthosilicate and hybridised with hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose polymer. The entrapped-GOx was mainly characterised with its long-lasting apparent biocatalytic activity as compared to that being entrapped in only sol–gel matrix. The biocatalytic activity of the entrapped-enzyme has extended its shelf lifetime up to 3 years. This long-term stability was closely correlated with the reduction in the shrinkage process of the hybrid gel being used. In conjunction with an optical oxygen transducer, the entrapped-GOx was assembled as an optical glucose biosensor comprised a sample flow system with which the dissolved oxygen in the sample could be precisely controlled and varied. The analytical working range was tuneable within 9.0 μM–100 mM range depending on the dissolved oxygen concentration in the test solution. The time taken to reach a 95% steady signal was 6–9 min at flow rate of 1.0 mL min −1 . The glucose biosensor has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of glucose contents of urine samples.

[1]  Martin M. F. Choi,et al.  A glucose biosensor with enzyme-entrapped sol–gel and an oxygen-sensitive optode membrane , 2000 .

[2]  J. Brennan,et al.  Effect of Matrix Aging on the Behavior of Human Serum Albumin Entrapped in a Tetraethyl Orthosilicate-Derived Glass , 2001 .

[3]  In situ ATR-FT-IR kinetic studies of molecular transport and surface binding in thin sol-gel films: reactions of chlorosilane reagents in porous silica materials. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  J S Valentine,et al.  Encapsulation of proteins in transparent porous silicate glasses prepared by the sol-gel method. , 1992, Science.

[5]  M. Kanungo,et al.  Diffusion of redox probes in hydrated sol-gel-derived glasses. Effect of gel structure. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  G A Baker,et al.  Kinetics and thermodynamics of free flavins and the flavin-based redox active site within glucose oxidase dissolved in solution or sequestered within a sol-gel-derived glass. , 1999, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  C. Pasquini,et al.  Application of amperometric sol-gel biosensor to flow injection determination of glucose. , 2002, Talanta.

[8]  S. Dong,et al.  Amperometric glucose biosensor based on sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid material. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  Bruce Dunn,et al.  Sol-gel encapsulation methods for biosensors , 1994 .

[10]  Iqbal Gill,et al.  Bio-doped Nanocomposite Polymers: Sol-Gel Bioencapsulates , 2001 .

[11]  Alain Walcarius,et al.  Electrochemical Applications of Silica-Based Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials , 2001 .

[12]  E. Magner,et al.  Trends in electrochemical biosensors. , 1998, The Analyst.

[13]  A. Heller,et al.  Loss of Activity or Gain in Stability of Oxidases upon Their Immobilization in Hydrated Silica: Significance of the Electrostatic Interactions of Surface Arginine Residues at the Entrances of the Reaction Channels , 1998 .

[14]  David Avnir,et al.  Biochemically active sol-gel glasses: The trapping of enzymes ☆ , 1990 .

[15]  Dan Xiao,et al.  An optical glucose biosensor with eggshell membrane as an enzyme immobilisation platform , 2001 .

[16]  O S Wolfbeis,et al.  Optical sensors. Part 34. Fibre optic glucose biosensor with an oxygen optrode as the transducer. , 1988, The Analyst.

[17]  Somnath Chandra,et al.  Glucose biosensor based on a sol-gel-derived platform , 1994 .

[18]  F. Bright,et al.  Dynamics of acrylodan-labeled bovine and human serum albumin entrapped in a sol-gel-derived biogel. , 1995, Analytical chemistry.

[19]  John D. Brennan,et al.  Properties and applications of proteins encapsulated within sol–gel derived materials , 2002 .

[20]  Ming-Chuan Leu,et al.  Design of optical triangulation devices , 1989 .

[21]  David Avnir,et al.  Enzymes and Other Proteins Entrapped in Sol-Gel Materials , 1994 .

[22]  I Klimant,et al.  Sol-gel based glucose biosensors employing optical oxygen transducers, and a method for compensating for variable oxygen background. , 2000, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  F. Bright,et al.  Effects of Poly(ethylene glycol) Doping on the Behavior of Pyrene, Rhodamine 6G, and Acrylodan-Labeled Bovine Serum Albumin Sequestered within Tetramethylorthosilane-Derived Sol-Gel-Processed Composites , 1998 .